ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ رﯾﺴﮏ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮏ و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮏ ﺑﺮ آن در ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﺒﺮي

Effect of Ergonomic Interventions on Workplace Musculoskeletal Risk Factors in a Stonecutting Industry, Yazd, Iran

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﯾﯽ دﺳﺘﯽ ﺑﺎر ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻋﻮارﺿﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺎرﮔﯽ، ﺷﮑﺴﺘﮕﯽ، ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﻠﺐ و ﻋﺮوق، ﺧﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪاي و اﺧﺘﻼﻻت اﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در ﻣﻬﺮهﻫﺎي ﮐﻤﺮ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ رﯾﺴﮏﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮏ ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان ﺳﻨﮕﺒﺮي و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮑﯽ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﯾﻦ رﯾﺴﮏﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎ در ﭘﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺎري آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ: در ﯾﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻠﻪاي ﺑﻪ روش ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ، ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ رﯾﺴﮏ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮏ 50 ﻧﻔﺮ ﮐﺎرﮔﺮ ﻣﺮد ﯾﮏ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﺒﺮي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭼﮏﻟﯿﺴﺖ WISHA اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﯿﻞ ﺑﺎزوﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻮرﯾﻞ وﮐﯿﻮم-دار و ﮔﯿﺮه دار، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻠﺰي ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎرد دوﻃﺮﻓﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻟﯿﻔﺘﺮاك، ﭘﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺟﺮﺛﻘﯿﻞ ﺳﻘﻔﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻟﯿﻔﺘﺮاك و ﻧﺼﺐ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه واﮔﻦﮐﺶ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ آﻣﺎري دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS ﻧﺴﺨﻪ20 و آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ و وﯾﻠﮑﺎﮐﺴﻮن اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ: ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، 78%از ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان، ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺷﺮوع ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ در ﯾﮑﯽ از 7 ﭘﻮﺳﭽﺮ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ داراي رﯾﺴﮏ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮏ ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﯾﺴﮏ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان ﭘﺴﺖ-ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎري ﺑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﻮپ، ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﺳﻨﮓ(100%)، وﺳﻂﮐﺎر (76/2%)، ﺑﺮش ﮐﻮپ(71/4%) و ﺳﺎب (50%)ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ، ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺟﺮاي ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮑﯽ در ﭘﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺎري ﺑﺎرﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﻮپ، ﺳﺎب، ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺿﺎﯾﻌﺎت ﺳﻨﮓ (100%) و در ﭘﺴﺖﻫﺎي ﮐﺎري وﺳﻂﮐﺎر و ﺑﺮشﮐﻮپ (42/8%) ﺣﺬف ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ. اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﯿﻦ رﯾﺴﮏﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮏ، ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮد (0/043>p). ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﯿﻮع رﯾﺴﮏ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮏ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﮐﺎر در ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﺒﺮي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ وﻟﯽ، ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت، رﯾﺴﮏ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ارﮔﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮏ ﺑﯿﻦ 42/8 ﺗﺎ 100 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ.

Introduction: Manual material handling may lead to short- and long-term complications such as laceration, fracture, cardiovascular stress, muscle fatigue, and musculoskeletal disorders especially in the vertebral column. The purpose of this study was to assess ergonomic risk factors in workers of a stone cutting industry and the impact of ergonomic interventions on these risk factors. Method: In an interventional before-after study, identifying ergonomic risk factors of 50 male workers was done using Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act of 1973 (WISHA) checklist. Ergonomic interventions implemented were: installation of a crankcase of the manorial vacuum and crank clamping, using a pallet with a portable two-way portable lift truck, a pallet for collecting waste with a roof crane or forklift truck, and a wagon lifting device. Statistical analyses were done by SPSS version 20, using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Wilcoxon tests. Results: Seventy-eight percent of the workers had ergonomic risk factors at least in one of the 7 awkward postures before intervention. The most frequent risk factors were in stone loading, collecting stone waste (100%), middle part (76.2%), cutting-off (71.4%) and polishing stations (50%). These values were eliminated after ergonomic interventions in the loading workshop, polishing, accumulation of stone waste (100%), and in the middle and cut-off workstations (42.8%). There was a significant difference between ergonomic risk factors before and after interventions (p=0.043). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate a high prevalence of work-related ergonomic risk factors of in this industry, which were decreased significantly after implementing ergonomic interventions.