بررسي استعاره در شعر عاشورايي معاصر

Study of Metaphor in Contemporary Ashura Poem

استعاره و هنر تصويرگري يكي از كارآمدترين ابزار هنري است كه از ديرباز توجه شاعران و سخنوران را به خود معطوف كرده است. در شعر عاشورايي كه شاعر با اعتقاد و ايمان قلبي قيام عاشورا را توصيف و تحليل مي‌كند، زبان خيال‌انگيز استعاره بيانگر شور عشق و احساس او به امام حسين (ع) و اهل بيت در زيباترين تصويرهاست. شاعر آييني از طريق تصويرگري هاي شاعرانه يك موضوع را به انحاي مختلف بيان مي كند. تكرار يك مفهوم با زبان هنري متفاوت ضمن خيال‌انگيزي بيشتر، سبب جذب مخاطب به درك موضوع و كسب التذاذ از آن مي شود؛ به خصوص وقتي موضوع بر سر اعتقاد باشد و با باورها و ايمان فرد گره بخورد. با بررسي استعاره در شعر عاشورايي معاصر دريافتيم كه شاعر از انواع استعاره براي بيان انديشه و احساس بهره برده است و با اغراق و بزرگ نمايي در هنر تصويرگري با نمايش جاودانگي و عظمت واقعه عاشورا، مهم ترين آموزه هاي تربيتي را بيان مي كند. لذا از تمامي عناصر موجود در طبيعت و بن مايه‌هاي اعتقادي در خلق استعاره مدد مي گيرد. اگرچه ممكن است تصاوير ارائه‌شده چندان بديع و نو نباشد، تلفيق انواع استعاره با هم در يك بيت منجر به خلق تصاوير زيبا و دل انگيز شده است.

Metaphor and art of imagery is one of the most effective artistic tools that have long been considered by poets and orators. In the poem of Ashura in which the poet faithfully describes and analyzes the uprising of Ashura, the imaginative language of metaphor exes his passionate love and feeling for Imam Hussein (PBUH) and Prophet Mohammad’s Household in the most beautiful images. The ritual poet expresses a subject through poetic imagery in various ways. Repeating a concept with a different artistic language, and more imaginatively, will attract the audience to understand the subject and enjoy it, especially when the subject is related to belief and is bound to the beliefs of the individual. The gist of the content in this article is to answer these questions: 1- what metaphorical images have poets used to address the most important educational teachings? 2- How and to what extent are these images consistent with the message and the content of the work? 3- Is there innovation in the metaphorical images? In the text, we first defined the Ashura poetry and then explained the metaphor and its rhetorical role in poetry. By mentioning various metaphors and expressions of evidence, for example, we tried to illustrate the extent of the imagination of the poet and his breadth of vision. In explicit metaphor, almost all of the poetic images of elements of nature, the metaphors of belief, mysticism, religion and mythology, and submerged metaphor and its outcome, foregrounding, were analyzed and analyzed. an‎d in implicit metaphor, the identification was initially made in the form of sentence, the addressed, additional and descriptive composition and investigated by pointing out the evidence that the poet increases personification in poetry to an "anemic" level through collection of different kinds of identification. Also, implicit metaphor (non-distinguishable) in the form of sentences, additional composition, and adjective and noun was also analyzed by very beautiful evidence in Ashura's poetry. The result is that the contemporary religious poet has used a variety of metaphors to ex his values, beliefs and ideas – and has expressed the most important instructional teachings by exaggeration and magnification in the art of illustration, displaying the immortality and realities of Ashura. The wide application of various types of explicit metaphor in expressing the bow and explaining the incident of Ashura shows the creativity and prosperity of the poet's mind in this regard. an‎d it is a place for poetic imagery and descriptions of natural and religious phenomena in order to widen the poet's lyrical, sometimes intangible language to his fantasy, and to add to the richness of art and good influence and achievement of the audience. Although in this kind of metaphor, lesser innovation and imagery is seen, the diversity of the use of images in submerged metaphor in the exquisite and elegant compositions, especially in the poetry of Bagheri, is significant in that the poet with a beautiful pen, his creative and deep mind creates art ambiguity and a new meaning in the discourse and makes the audience amazed and surprised. On the other hand, the abundant use of implicit metaphor represents the emotional burden of the poet's inner experiences in Ashura's poetry. As a result, the language and expression are out of the ordinary use, and in the realm of rhetoric, it has led to the creation of beautiful images and interpretations and elegant combinations and this shows the poet's power in expressing his breadth of thought and breadth of vocabulary. The abundant use of human-like literary interpretations in the minds of contemporary poets, in addition to the dynamics and sense of motion in the images, indicates that the poet believes that all the unobtrusive elements in nature are under the influence of the Ashura incident. an‎d the poet depicts the highest levels of human-type feelings by attributing human characteristics to immoral objects and manifestations of nature and this will expand the emotional richness of poetry. Although some of the images are repetitive and similar, and rarely do they have strange images, combining all kinds of metaphors in one couplet leads to the creation of beautiful and entertaining images and animism form.