بررسي نقش آيت الله العظمي بروجردي نماد مرجعيت عامه در جريان ملي شدن صنعت نفت در ايران و تبيين چرايي آن

Investigating the Role of Ayatollah ozma Boroujerdi Religious Authority symbol in the Process of Nationalizing the Oil Industry in Iran and clarifying its Reasons

نقش آفريني روحانيت به عنوان يكي از نيروهاي مهم اجتماعي ايران بر حسب موقعيت‌هاي گوناگون تاريخي اجتماعي و اوضاع سياسي اجتماعي حاكم متفاوت بوده­است. از جمله تحولات سياسي اجتماعي تاريخ سياسي معاصر ايران نهضت ملي شدن نفت مي­باشد. پژوهش حاضر با رهيافت جامعه شناسي سياسي به بررسي نقش آيت الله بروجردي نماد مرجعيت عامه در اين نهضت و ارزيابي دلايل آن مي­پردازد. فرضيه اصلي مقاله آن است كه آيت الله بروجردي نماد مرجعيت عامه با توجه به فضاي سياسي اجتماعي حاكم و تجربه تلخ مشروطه، در جريان ملي شدن نفت رويكرد سياست پرهيزي داشته و نتايج تحقيق نشان مي­دهد به واسطه رويكرد خصمانه رضاخان عليه روحانيت و نهادهاي ديني و فضاي حاكم در عصر پهلوي دوم كه رواج ماركسيسم، بهائيت و كسروي گري است مرجعيت عامه دغدغه حفظ كيان تشيع را داشته تا ورود به سياست و با توجه به بدفرجامي مشروطه، در مراحل مختلف نهضت ملي موضع سكوت و احتياط را اتخاذ كرده­است. روش تحقيق اين مقاله توصيفي – تحليلي و ابزارجمع آوري اطلاعات كتابخانه­اي خواهد بود.

The role of the clergy as one of the most important social forces of Iran has varied in terms of various historical and social situations. Among the political sociopolitical developments in Iran's contemporary political history is the oil nationalization. The present study, with a sociopolitical approach examines the role of Ayatollah Boroujerdi religious authority symbol in this movement and assesses its causes. The main hypothesis of the paper is that Ayatollah Boroujerdi the religious authority symbol, with regard to the sociopolitical context of the ruling class and the bitter experience of constitutionalism, during the nationalization of the oil had taken a political avoidance approach. The research method is a descriptive-analytical approach and a library research.The results show that due to Reza Khan's hostile approach against the clergy and religious institutions and also the ruling atmosphere in the Second Period Pahlavi which aimed for the prevalence of Marxism in Baha'ism and Kasraviyya, the religious authority was more concerned about preserving the interests of Shi'ism than entering politics, and due to the unfortunate consequences of constitutionalism, they adopted a silent and cautious stance at different stages of the national movement.