تأملي بر طبيعت گرايي مك داول

A Reflection on McDowell’s Naturalism

مسألة اصلي در اين مقاله تبيين و توضيح شرايطي است كه جان مك داول[1] براي تحقق شناختي عيني، يعني تحقق وضعيتي كه در آن فعاليت عقلاني ما پاسخگو به واقعيت است، تعيين مي نمايد. با توضيح اين شرايط، درواقع راه حل مك داول براي حل مسألة معرفت شناختي ارتباط ذهن و جهان و به عبارت دقيق تر نسبت تفكر با جهان روشن مي گردد. بدين جهت نظريات مك داول در دو محور مطرح مي شود: اول تحليل درمانگرانة او در مورد علل ايجاد اين مسأله و دوم نظريات ايجابي او كه بيانگر طرز تلقي خاص او در مورد جهان، ذهن، طبيعت گرايي در فلسفة ذهن و جايگاه تجربه در نظام توجيه است.

The major issue of the present article is to explain McDowell’s attempt to determine the conditions which knowledge must satisfy if it is to be an objective knowledge, and to explain McDowell’s proving procedure of how our intellectual activity can make us answerable to reality. By explaining these conditions, in fact, McDowell’s solution to the epistemological problem of relationship between mind and world is clarified. In this respect, his ideas along two axes are put forward: first, his therapeutic analysis about the causes that generate this problem; and second, his positive ideas that represent his specific attitude toward the world, mind, naturalism in philosophy of mind, and the position of experience in the system of justification.