برنامه ريزي راهبردي گردشگري شهري با رويكرد بازآفريني فرهنگ مبنا در بافت هاي تاريخي (نمونه موردي: بافت قديم شهر رشت)

Urban Tourism Strategic Planning Using Culture-led Urban Regeneration Approach in Historical part (Case study: Old district of Rasht city)

بازآفريني فرهنگ مبنا و گردشگري فرهنگي، دو روي سكه نوسازي بافت هاي ارزشمند شهري محسوب مي شوند؛ اولي فرايندي همه جانبه براي نجات بافت قديم شهر از اضمحلال كالبد و فعاليت و دومي رهيافتي كارآمد با بُن مايه مشاركت مردم، ميراث فرهنگي و هنر در بسيج نيروهاي اجتماعي و فرهنگي بافت قلمداد مي شوند. در اين مقاله تعامل اين دو در چارچوب برنامه ريزي راهبردي توسعه گردشگري فرهنگيِ بافت قديم شهر رشت كه محدوده محلات زاهدان و ساغريسازان را در بر مي گيرد، مورد كنكاش قرار گرفته است. روش تحقيق توصيفي_تحليلي بوده و از تركيبي از ابزارهاي كيفي و كمي شامل پرسشنامه و جداول تحليل عوامل دروني و بيروني براي طبقه بندي و تجزيه و تحليل داده ها استفاده شده است. نتايج نشان مي دهند كه بافت قديم شهر رشت با وجود دارا بودن منابع فرهنگي درون خود، به دليل ضعف زيرساخت هاي گردشگري فرهنگي و عدم خلاقيت در كاربست فرهنگ و هنر در فرايند بازآفريني فرهنگ مبنا نتوانسته از اين منابع محلي بهره جويد. در راستاي بهره گيري از اين ظرفيت ها، راهبردهاي داراي اولويت به همراه سياست هاي اجرايي و برنامه اقدامات به منظور فعالسازي اين ظرفيت ها براي توسعه گردشگري فرهنگي در عين حفاظت فعال از هويت و ميراث بافت، تدوين شدند. ايجاد جاذبه هاي گردشگري نو و متفاوت با احياي سنت هاي آييني و بومي بافت و ارائه به گردشگران، بهسازي بناهاي تاريخي با تزريق فعاليت هاي جاذب براي گردشگران و پياده­راه سازي محور داراي قابليت بازار_ خواهر امام _زرجوب از جمله با اولويت ترين راهبردهاي تدوين شده براي بازآفريني فرهنگ مبنا از طريق گردشگري شهري در بافت قديم شهر رشت محسوب مي شوند.

The culture-led urban regeneration and cultural tourism are two sides of a coin in the renovation of valuable urban areas. The first is a comprehensive process for saving the deteriorated urban areas of the city from the destruction of physic and activity, and the latter is the most effective way of promoting people’s participation, culture and art and mobilizing social and cultural forces for old urban areas. Culture-led urban regeneration is one of the most recent approaches to sustainable urban regeneration, which, after many years of experience, has proved its legitimacy not only as a theoretical approach, but also as a practical strategy for the modernization and improvement of the old neighborhoods. The contribution of the cultural and human heritage of valuable neighbors to the process of regeneration can be realized because the local economy and related businesses would be supported through tourism development and tourists’ interest in such neighborhoods. Therefore, the culture-led urban regeneration through tourism development can be considered as one of the most promising solutions for the sustainable regeneration of old towns. When tourism is considered as way of rehabilitation of the underlying culture, culture-based tourism is clearly intended. Cultural tourism is defined as a type of tourism whose main purpose is to spread the horizons of knowledge through the discovery of artistic heritage or architecture of a land. This article investigates the interaction of the two in the framework of strategic planning of cultural tourism development in the old fabric of Rasht, which covers the Zahedan and Sagharisazan neighborhoods. The research method is descriptive-analytic, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative tools, including a questionnaire, for data collection. The internal and external factors are evaluated through a panel of 30 local experts, including experts from the Municipality and Cultural Heritage and Tourism Department. The sampling method was snowball sampling due to the uncertainty of the population. The results show that, despite having its own cultural resources, the old fabric of Rasht has not been able to use local resources due to the weakness of the cultural tourism infrastructure and the lack of creativity in the use of art and culture in the process of culture-led urban regeneration. Prioritized strategies, executive policies and action plans were developed for mobilizing cultural and artistic sources in developing cultural tourism while actively protecting cultural heritage and identity simultaneously. Creating new and different tourist attractions through reviving ritual traditions, improving historic buildings by planning attractive activities for tourists and pedestrinization of Bazar-Khahar-e- Imam –Zarjub are among the most prioritized strategies designed for cultural-led urban regeneration through urban tourism in the old fabric of Rasht. Besides, the results of this article show that the plan for tourism development in the Iranian historical neighborhoods should be a long-term plan that prioritizes the provision of infrastructure and changes in short-term views towards urban management.