پديد آورندگان :
منتظرالحجه، مهدي دانشگاه يزد - دانشكده هنر و معماري - گروه شهرسازي، يزد، ايران , نوكار، بهار اداره كل راه و شهرسازي استان يزد - مديريت معماري و شهرسازي , شريف نژاد، مجتبي دانشگاه يزد - دانشكده هنر و معماري - گروه شهرسازي، يزد، ايران , فتوحي، زهرا دانشگاه ازاد اسلامي، واحد يزد
كليدواژه :
كيفيت محيطي , شهر يزد , زيبايي‌شناسي , شاخص كالبدي , آماده سازي
چكيده فارسي :
در طرح‌هاي آماده‌سازي زمين به‌عنوان مهم‌ترين الگوي توسعه شهري دهه‌هاي اخير باوجود تأكيد بر برنامه‌ريزي كاربري زمين، جمعيت و حمل‌ونقل، توجه كمتري به كيفيت‌هاي محيطي شده است. همين امر سبب گرديده تا اين بافت‌هاي شهري شرايط بسيار سطح پاييني از جنبه‌هاي كيفي محيط و سيما و منظر شهري دارا باشند و در نتيجه نتوانند براي ساكنان خود، محيطي جذاب و آرام ايجاد كنند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسايي و سنجش شاخص‌هاي كالبدي مؤثر بر مؤلفه زيبايي‌شناسي از ديدگاه شهروندان ساكن در سه محدوده كه در دهه‌هاي اخير و در نتيجه طرح‌هاي آماده‌سازي زمين شكل گرفته‌اند، انجام شده است. اين پژوهش از نوع پژوهش‌هاي كاربردي و با روش پيمايشي و همبستگي و به كمك پرسشنامه و مطالعات اسنادي انجام شده است. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول كوكران معادل 100 خانوار در هر كدام از مناطق مورد مطالعه برآورد شده و از شيوه نمونه‌گيري تصادفي نيز براي تكميل پرسشنامه ها استفاده شده است. روايي ظاهري پرسشنامه به كمك اساتيد دانشگاه يزد و پايايي آن به‌وسيله آزمون آلفاي كرونباخ تأييد گرديد. به منظور تجزيه و تحليل داده‌ها از آزمون‌هاي آماري رگرسيون خطي چندگانه و آزمون همبستگي پيرسون استفاده شده و از آزمون‌هاي دوربين واتسون جهت بررسي هم خطي متغيرها و كولموگراف_اسميرنوف براي تشخيص نرمال بودن توزيع داده‌هاي پژوهش و همچنين براي تبيين معنيداري مدل رگرسيوني چندگانه از روش تحليل واريانس ANOVA استفاده شده است. نتايج پژوهش حاكي از آن است كه از شاخص‌هاي بيستگانه مطالعه شده، در هر كدام از محدوده‌ها تمامي شاخص‌ها داراي اثر مستقيم و معنيدار بر مؤلفه زيبايي‌شناسي هستند. به صورت كلي شاخص‌هاي عدم تكرار و يكنواختي بدنه‌ها، تناسب عرض معابر شهري و پيوستگي جداره مهم‌ترين شاخص‌هاي مشترك مؤثر بر مؤلفه زيبايي‌شناسي بوده و داراي رابطه مستقيم و معنيدار از ديدگاه شهروندان هستند.
چكيده لاتين :
apid sprawl of urban areas in Iranian cities in the last few decades was the result of two population growth factors: (1) natural increase in population, and (2) migration to urban areas. These conditions are aggravated during times of transition from a pre-industrial society to an industrial one. This trend has led to a shortfall in many sectors, primarily housing. One of the innovative schemes in response to this problem in many cities like Yazd, which has received wide acknowledgement, has been “sites-and-services” scheme. In a sites-and-services scheme, the preparation of land and procurement of infrastructure and services are the responsibility of the project authorities. Depending on the investment made, resources available, the implementing agency or degree of organization of the beneficiaries, sites-and-services schemes were activated in a number of differing ways in Yazd. These types of schemes provide only what the households cannot easily get or afford themselves: a plot of land with basic, essential utilities (clean water, sanitation, flood protection, security lighting, etc.) and municipal services (waste collection, schools, etc.). Sites-and-services projects have formed the main pattern of urban development during the past decades in Yazd. However, many of these projects have had a planning oriented process, have just focused on land use planning, population density and transportation and have ignored the environmental qualities. These condition has created urban textures with very poor quality, image and townscape. Although there are references to the aesthetic aspect and its role in urban contexts in some of these layouts, what is witnessed in reality is discrepancies between buildings and spaces and, therefore, their lack of visual appeal. Meanwhile, the visual environment in urban contexts is composed of a sophisticated structure of physical and non-physical elements; it is the cognitive joint between humans and their environments; it can facilitate people’s perception and evaluation of their living context and boost their environmental comprehensibility. The objective of this research is to assess the physical indicators affecting the aesthetic component in contemporary urban developments formed as a result of site and services projects during the past four decades in different regions of Yazd. The related literature was reviewed to collect information and determine the study criteria regarding the physical indicators of aesthetic component in urban areas. The results from the literature review and observation survey served very well in codifying the variables and attributes for developing the questionnaire to examine the resident’s perception of the aesthetic components in their neighborhoods. The questionnaire survey was done in 3 selected regions (region 10 in Imamshahr, 92 hectare project in Azadshahr and 93 hectare Kowsar project in Safayeh) that have been formed in difference times. A sample of 100 participants was selected randomly from residents in each region. Pearson correlation and regression analyses were performed. According to this study, the effect of any physical indicator is different from a region to another. Nevertheless, the width of the road and façade continuity has been mentioned in all the three studied regions. After that, visual balance and architectural style have an important role in the aesthetic component. The findings may also be used to improve the site and services scheme strategies and design guidelines regarding future urban development in Yazd and other cities in Iran.
