چكيده فارسي :
سلامتي مفهومي اساسي در زندگي بشر است و همواره بر دستيابي، حفظ و ارتقاي آن تأكيد شده است. تعريف واژه‌ي سلامتي منحصر به فرد نيست و هر شخصي بنابر پنداشت خود تعريفي از آن دارد. ليكن جامع‌ترين تعريفي كه از اين مفهوم در ميان متون علمي بهداشت و طبّ به چشم مي‌خورد، مربوط به سازمان بينالمللي بهداشت جهاني[1] است كه عبارت است از: «سلامتي حالتي از رفاه كامل جسمي، رواني و اجتماعي است، نه فقط نبود بيماري و نقص عضو.» اين سازمان تلاش كردهاست كه تعريفي كامل از سلامتي ارائه دهد، اما معترف است كه نقايص عديدهيي در اين تعريف وجود دارد؛ مثلاً مفهوم رفاه كامل را بهوضوح شرح نداده است
چكيده لاتين :
Health is a vital concept in human life and always the achievement,
maintain, and promotion of health is emphasized thoroughly. Definition of
health is not exclusive; individuals define it according to their own
perspectives, nevertheless the World Health Organization (WHO) define it
comprehensively as; a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. However, WHO
declares some defects in the definition including: 1) has not described the
complete well-being thoroughly, 2) has not introduced the favorite
instruments measuring health (1). The question arises now is that; can
health be defined in a way that cannot be measured? In order to solve this
challenge, WHO proposed the concept of welfare with objective and
subjective dimensions in addition to the rationality of health. The objective
welfare defined as “life level or access to tackle the comfort of life”. For
example individuals who sit on the sofa experience the higher level of
welfare compared with who sit on ground. The more physical possibilities,
the more objective welfare. On the other hand, subjective welfare is
defined as the level of satisfaction individuals experiences themselves. It
reflects the amount of calmness which people sense in themselves. In spite
of the whole struggle of WHO introducing the comprehensive definition of
health, some challenges exist yet still; 1) does not introduce any rational
criteria to measure the maximum level of life comfort, 2) describe the
subjective welfare objectively, and 3) does not introduce any way to
achieve welfare; perhaps in WHO’s perspective the end justifies the means
and it has given humans free to achieve welfare on any way they desire. It
sounds that these challenges emerged from the type of views on the
universe and human, so the principles of anthropology should be revised
again.
