هژموني آمريكايي و تهديد روشنفكران ارگانيك براي انقلاب اسلامي

American Hegemony and the threat of Organic Intellectuals for the Islamic revolution (Text in Persian)

تحولات چشمگير محيط بين الملل طي دهه هاي اخير اَشكال تحميل اراده و اعمال سلطه قدرت هاي بزرگ بر نظام جهاني را نسبت به گذشته بسيار دگرگون ساخته و دوراني موسوم به عصر استعمار نوين را رقم زده است كه در آن تاثيرگذاري غيرمستقيم بر اذهان مخاطبان، مزيت نسبيِ به مراتب بيشتري از سلطه گري بر آنان از طريق ابزارهاي قدرت سخت دارد. مقاله پيش رو با مدنظر قرار دادن تحولات مذكور و با وام گيري از ادبيات گرامشي، به طرح اين پرسش اصلي پرداخت كه «روشنفكران ارگانيك» در كشورهاي هدف چه نقشي را به منظور بسط و تحكيم هژموني آمريكايي در عصر استعمار نوين ايفا مي كنند؟ در پاسخ به پرسش اصلي، فرضيه نگارنده اين بود كه روشنفكران ارگانيك به دليل تاثيرپذيري شديد از انديشه و سبك زندگي غربي در نتيجه حضور در قلمرو جغرافيايي غرب و تحصيل در مراكز علمي اروپا و آمريكا به ويژه در قالب برنامه هاي ديپلماسي عمومي، واسطه و تسهيلگر هژموني آمريكايي در جوامع هدف هستند. اين مقاله از لحاظ نظري، رويكردي گرامشينيستي دارد و نگارنده به منظور راستي آزمايي فرضيه خود كوشيد تا با روش تحليل دومتغيره و شيوه گردآوري اسنادي اطلاعات، وجود رابطه اي علي را ميان نفوذ و هژموني آمريكايي و رفتار جوامع هدف به واسطه كنشگري روشنفكران ارگانيك اثبات نمايد.

Regarding the evolutions in forms of power exertion and domination over world system by superpowers in the age of neo colonialism and on the basis of Gramsci’s thoughts، this article tries to figure out that how organic intellectuals act in implementing and extending American hegemony in their societies in underdeveloped and developing countries. The article’s hypothesis is that organic intellectuals are profoundly affected by western thought and lifestyle owing to their presence and educations in western countries especially through public diplomacy’s programs. So when they return to their own societies، play an important role in implementing and extending American hegemony thought justifying it، promulgating liberalism and inducing a kind of radical demoralization and loss of confidence that leads to the continuation of scientific dependence to the west. consequently they pave the way for USA’s political and cultural influence and infiltration in these societies. This article has a Gramscianist approach and a two-variable analytical method. This article explains that there is a direct relation between Culture and Hegemony and in opposite of common perception that wrongly assume Hegemony as a coercive dominance، hegemony is a kind of dominance based on satisfaction and the ability of cultural and ideological leading of societies. So، legitimacy and cultural acceptability of superpowers have got more importance rather than military and economic power to guarantee their global superiority. In consequence، culture can implement hegemony and is a necessary factor for an actor to play a hegemonic role in global stage. Culture is a key variable in understanding of global politics and international relations’ arena، which is usually ignored by realism as dominant approach. But Gramscianist thinkers have prepared a broad field to encompass culture in global politics and international relations by theorizing the concept of “Hegemony”. This article brings up this main question that what is the relationship between organic intellectuals and hegemony?