پديد آورندگان :
ميرغلامي، مرتضي دانشگاه هنر اسلامي تبريز، ايران , شهانقي، اميرواعظ دانشگاه هنر اسلامي تبريز، ايران , رباطي، محمدبشير دانشگاه هنر اسلامي تبريز، ايران
كليدواژه :
محله نازيآباد , خوانايي , نقشه هاي ذهني , محيط شهري , نشانهشناسي شهري
چكيده فارسي :
نشانهشناسي و توجه به معنا و تأثيرات آن بر استفادهكنندگان از رويكردهاي نويني است كه اخيراً استفاده از آن در مطالعات شهري نيز رواج يافته و ميتواند بهعنوان ابزاري مناسب و كارآمد در راستاي توليد دادههاي كيفي از شهر و زندگي روزمره ساكنان آن مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و طراحان شهري را در شناسايي نشانهها و مفاهيمي كه بر آن دلالت دارند، ياري دهد. در اين مقاله محله نازيآباد تهران به عنوان نمونه موردي از جهت حضور نشانهها، تأثير آنها و معاني عناصر محيطي بر اقشار مختلف ساكنان و خوانش محيطي بررسي ميشود. هدف اين پژوهش نقد رويكرد نقشههاي ذهني لينچ و بررسي تأثير معاني حاصل از عناصر و نشانههاي شهري در ايجاد تصوير محيط در ذهن مردم و خوانايي محيط است كه با بررسي ميداني محله، تهيه نقشههاي ذهني، تكميل پرسشنامه و سنجش از طريق تصوير از ساكنان محقق ميگردد. بررسيهاي انجام شده نشان ميدهند كه عناصر لينچي بيشتر به منظور خوانايي محيط و قابليت ادراك سريع محيط پيرامون بهكار ميروند و بيشتر كاربرد عملكردي دارند. ولي انسانها بر اساس تجربه، فرهنگ، گذشته تاريخي، جهانبيني و... معاني مختلفي را از عناصر محيطي برداشت نموده و تعابير ويژهاي را بر اساس خوانش نشانههاي محيطي ميتوانند از محله خود داشته باشند. لذا طراحان شهري ميتوانند تغييرات و طراحي محيطي را با توجه به عناصر حاوي بارهاي معنايي در زندگي شخصي و جمعي افراد انجام داده و امكان ايجاد دلبستگي محيطي را فراهم سازند.
چكيده لاتين :
Semiology and study of meaning and its effects on users is one of the new approaches that recently
have become very popular in urban studies. It can be used as a useful and efficient tool for producing
qualitative data out of the city and daily life of citizens and assist urban designers in identifying signs and
concepts they represent. In this paper, Nazi Abad Neighborhood in Tehran is explored as a case study in
terms of existence of signs, the effects of environmental meanings on different groups of residents and
environmental legibility. The objective of this research is to review Lynch’s cognitive mapping approach
critically and to study the effects of meanings embedded in urban elements and signs on creation of
people’s environmental cognitive maps and legible environments. This is conducted by using surveys,
cognitive maps, fieldwork interviews and photo-analysis method in the neighborhood. The findings,
parallel to some other critics of Lynch’s studies, confirm that his five elements are mostly used for faster
environmental perception and legibility, not clarity, and operate as functional features and cognitive maps
vary depending on age, gender and socio-cultural characteristics of urban dwellers. People, based on their
experience, culture, past history, ideology etc. perceive different meanings of the environment and can
have specific interpretation of their neighborhoods according to their reading of environmental signs.
Analyzing Cognitive maps of Naziabad residents and other aspects such as meaningful elements, symbolic
buildings, memories and daily experiences revealed that these features, besides affecting cognitive maps,
can work as a language via which residents can connect themselves to their environment. This confirms
Peponis ideas who believed that there is a difference between people’s perception of and urban form
based on their experience, memory, culture and everyday meanings and its verbal description. He believes
that people usually use significant visual elements of an environment and not their reading or personal
meaningful elements for way-finding or giving address to others. Therefore, urban designers can make
environmental design and transformations with regards to elements that are meaningful in private and
public life of people and provide an opportunity to create place attachment.