پديد آورندگان :
خيرالدين، رضا دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه شهرسازي , كاميار، غلامرضا دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران , دلايي ميلان، ابراهيم دانشگاه علم و صنعت ايران - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه شهرسازي
كليدواژه :
تعادل پايدار , تعارضات حقوقي , اقدامات نوسازانه شهري , حقوق مالكانه مشروع , منافع عمومي
چكيده فارسي :
طرح هاي توسعه شهري به عنوان نقطه عطف مطالعات حقوقي و مطالعات شهرسازي، از يك سو مبتني بر قوانين و مقررات منتج از شرع مقدس اسلام و از سوي برپايه مباني و مفاهيم شهرسازي، چگونگي برنامه ريزي توسعه شهرها را تعريف و تبيين مي كند. رعايت حقوق مالكانه خصوصي افراد، اصلي خدشه ناپذير در شرع اسلام است كه در قانون اساسي نيز بر آن تاكيد شده است و از طرفي اقدامات نوسازانه شهري به عنوان يكي از ضروري ترين طرح هاي توسعه شهري، از اصول و ضوابطي بهره مي گيرد كه منجر به ايجاد محدوديت در آزادي اعمال حقوق مالكانه مي شود؛ محدوديت هايي كه از باب ضرورت زندگي شهرنشيني و تامين منافع عمومي مي باشد. ازاين رو تبيين نظم حاكم بر «حقوق مالكانه مشروع و منافع عمومي در جامعه» در اقدامات نوسازانه شهري، ضرورتي علمي و منطقي است كه بازشناسي و واكاوي تقابل و تعامل اين دو در نظام شهرسازي را مي طلبد.
بازشناسي ابعاد ساختاري و محتوايي حقوق مالكانه و منافع عمومي در نظام شهرسازي كشور، نيازمند پاسخ به اين پرسش است كه «تعادل بخشي بين حقوق خصوصي (حقوق مالكانه) و حقوق عمومي (منافع عمومي) در بستر اقدامات نوسازانه شهري چگونه قابل تبيين است؟» به عبارت ديگر «حقوق مالكانه و منافع عمومي در طرح هاي نوسازانه شهري چگونه به هم پيوند مي خورد؟» روش شناسي پژوهش مبتني بر فرايندي است كه قوانين تملك را در پرتو «استدلال منطقي» و برپايه مولفه هاي هفت گانه ي«قانون اساسي، قانون مدني، مصالح و منافع عمومي، حقوق مالكانه، حقوق شهرسازي، عدالت و قابليت اجرايي» مورد تحليل قرار مي دهد. در اين تحليل، ضعف ها و محدوديت هاي قوانين تملك از منظر حقوق مالكانه و منافع عمومي مورد بازشناسي قرار مي گيرد. واكاوي و بازشناسي فرايند قانوني و اجرايي سلب و تامين حقوق مالكانه ما را به الگو و رهيافتي نو در باب مطالعات حقوق شهري هدايت مي كند. رهيافتي كه با تامين نيازهاي متعدد و سازگاري منافع متنوع بين دو حوزه خصوصي و عمومي، تجلي آرمان هاي حقوق شهرسازي را منجر مي شود. اين رهيافت مبتني بر «بازنگري محتوايي و عملكردي قوانين موضوعه با توجه به مباني حقوقي مالكيت در اسلام، تدوين و تصويب قانون جامع سلب و تامين حقوق مالكانه و بازنگري مستمر تعرفه هاي قيمت منطقه اي املاك با توجه به قيمت واقعي بازار توسط شهرداري ها» استوار است؛ يافته هايي كه «تعارضات بين حقوق مالكانه و منافع عمومي در بستر اقدامات نوسازانه شهري را به تعاملاتي پايدار» سوق مي دهد
چكيده لاتين :
Urban development plans define the process of planning for urban improvement based on both
Islamic regulations and substantial principals of urbanism. The rights of private ownership are
basically emphasized in Iranian constitution. Attempts of urban redevelopment plans are inherently
in contrast with the private rights of ownership.
Rules and regulations governing the urban systems are considered as a common point of Legal
Studies and Planning. On the other hand, urban system as one of key elements of the relationship
between the state and the nation regulates the proportionality between people and public based on
private low and public low.
In this sense explaining the precise view of private ownership and public interest in the process
of planning for urban re-development is the necessity that needs the interaction of these two main
aspects of urban studies.
In order to understand the structural and substantial aspects of public interest and private ownership
is in parallel with the questioning about the balance between private and public rights in the urban
planning process. The right to the city is in no conflict with other civil rights in its truss sense,
but there are some constraints and weaknesses in the definition of the nature and explanation of
this right on the one hand, and its interaction with other, which has some consequences for urban
development plans and programs on public scale and in the contax of urban regeneration measures
on particular scale.
This research applied the qualitative approach and the analytical-interpretative methods. The
methodology is based on the process that analysis and interpret the regulations of acquisition under
the logical strategy.
These regulations are measured regarding seven elements of “constitution, civic laws, public
interest, private ownership right, urban rights, justice and performance”.There are 76 indicators
derived from these 7 elements among them the most compatible, conflicting and ambiguous ones
are selected. In this analysis the weaknesses and constraints of these regulations are explained.
This output guides the researchers to propose the new approach in studying the urban regulations
which could meet the needs of multiple interests and could lead to compatibility of interests in
public and private sphere which is one of the critical goals of urban planning systems
The indicators of ownership and public interest are the most compatible ones in the regulative contexts. Also, the indicators of regulative process, administrative systems and implementation costs,
are the most ambiguous ones.
For the most important conflicts between the goals of the right to the city and process of “Urban
regeneration measures, we can refer to neglect to” private property rights. Rights to private space is
the right that gives meaning to the living of residents in city. But the right to the city may not only be
achieved, but injustice also manifests itself more in urban spaces when measure for urban regeneration
forbids residents from the right to space with an aim to realize the right to the city, let the property right
the residents remain at the periphery.
The rights of ownership, social participation, public interests and private ownership right are the most
conflicting ones which challenge the redevelopment actions in urban planning systems
The result of the research ends in the mechanisms analyzing the procedural and regulative aspects of
acquisition regulation. The research aims to enrich the concept and position of the right to the city by
probing into imam Ali highway project from two aspects, property right and the right to city and parallel
with it, it aims to define property on the hand and balance the existing conflict between property right
and the right to the city, thus the research has a qualitative nature and approach and mainly rests on a
critical analysis, in that using logical argumentation it analysis and investigates the position of the two
concepts”the righto the city” and “property right” in the process of urban regeneration measures, both
in terms of a case study(imam Ali highway in Atabak and Minaee neighborhoods) and documentary
studies.
To recognize the structure of public and private law in the urban system of the country it is necessary
to answer the question “what is the entity of the urban rules and regulations of country in the light of
Islamic laws and regulations?” the methodology of research based on the system interpretation of the
urbanization of the country is in order of governing on the legal sources.
This analysis is qualitative and determined using Logical reasoning technique and documentary
studies method. Analysis of the actors of the private and public spaces of cities on the one hand and
the redefinition of the public and private rights in the legal order of country on the other hand, guides
us to the new pattern and approach regarding the rights of urban studies. This approach, by providing
multiple needs and Compatibility varied interests between the private and public spheres, leads to the
manifestation of civil rights ideals.With the applicable proposals, the balance between public and private
interests is facilitated and these findings could lead to the sustainable interaction between these two
critical and conflicting aspects of urban redevelopment actions.
