تحليلي بر نقش عوامل مؤثر بر پايداري مسكن در مناطق روستايي ايران (مطالعه موردي: دهستان ملاوي شهرستان پلدختر)

An Analysis of Effective Factors in Perceived Sustainability of Housing in Rural Fabric (Case Study: Malavi Rural Area, Poldokhtar Township, Iran)

شاخص‌هاي مسكن پايدار به‌عنوان يك برنامه و ابزاري ضروري براي بيان پايداري ابعاد مختلف اجتماعي، اقتصادي و كالبدي مسكن از جايگاه ويژه‌اي در امر برنامه‌ريزي مسكن روستايي برخوردار هستند. بنابراين تدوين يك برنامه در بخش مسكن پايدار روستايي نيازمند شناسايي، تجزيه و تحليل ابعاد و اجزاي مختلف مسكن پايدار است. از اين رو هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسايي و تحليل عوامل مؤثر بر شاخص‌هاي پايداري مسكن روستايي مي‌باشد كه به‌صورت مطالعه موردي در دهستان ملاوي شهرستان پلدختر صورت گرفته است. روش تحقيق در اين پژوهش به‌صورت توصيفي- تحليلي و همبستگي بوده كه با رويكرد تركيبي انجام گرفته است. ابزار اصلي گردآوري داده‌ها در پژهش حاضر؛ پرسشنامه مي‌باشد اما به‌‌‌دليل تخصصي بودن پرسشنامه از روش‌هاي مصاحبه و مشاهده نيز در راستاي تكميل پرسشنامه‌ها استفاده گرديده است. جامعه آماري اين تحقيق سرپرستان خانوارهاي واحدهاي مسكوني دهستان ملاوي مي­باشد كه با‌‌‌ استفاده از فرمول كوكران نمونه‌اي به حجم 180 نفر از بين آن‌ها به روش نمونه‌گيري تصادفي انتخاب گرديده و با ابزار پرسشنامه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته‌اند. ضريب آلفاي كرونباخ به‌منظور تشخيص پايايي پرسشنامه‌ها محاسبه گرديده است كه با بيش از 74/0 درصد، حاكي از مناسب بودن ابزار پژوهش بوده است. نتايج حاصل از طريق تجزيه و تحليل‌هاي آماري در نرم افزار SPSS نشان مي‌دهد كه پنج عامل امكاناتي- رفاهي، اقتصادي، استحكام بنا، بهره‌وري و همسازي با محيط زيست قادرند حدود 82 درصد از واريانس متغيرهاي تحقيق را تبيين كنند و توجه به‌ اين عوامل در برنامه‌ريزي مسكن پايدار ضروري به‌نظر مي‌رسد.

Housing or shelter is a basic requirement in human life, and it is a social right for every individual and family. The article 31 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran asserts the right of every Iranian household to a suitable home. To clarify the term, a home has been defined as a protection against adverse climate conditions; a place that provides peace, security, health and vitality for its residents, which may prove to be effective in creating stability in families and in strengthening the bonding between its members. The subject criteria relevant to housing are broad and complex, composed of diverse dimensions. Aside from its physical aspects, the criteria related to the inhabitants of a home directly open the discussions on social, cultural, and economic factors. The sustainable housing indices have prominent role in rural development planning to ensure the sustainability of various dimensions including the social, economic and physical condition of housing. Hence, in order to deliver a plan in the housing sector, an exact definition and analysis of these sustainability indices are necessary. With regard to the importance of these definitions, this study aims to recognize and analyze the factors affecting the sustainability of rural housing. To achieve this goal, the rural area of Malavi in the township of Poldokhtar has been selected as a case study. The research follows a descriptive-analytic method, and explores correlations using a mixed-method research. The study examines sustainability in different dimensions, based on the data gathered through questionnaires, interviews and field observations. The statistical sample for the research was chosen through accidental sampling among population of the Malavi rural area, consisting of 180 residents. The obtained coefficient from Cochran’s formula is 0/74 percent which indicates the high reliability of the research tool. The obtained results from the analysis of the SPSS software show that the five factors of amenities-welfare, economic, structural endurance, efficiency and harmony with the environment are able to explain 82 percent of the variances in the statistics. The consideration of these factors in the rural housing development planning is necessary. Although all of these factors have eigenvalues ​​greater than unit, the importance and role of the first item (amenities–welfare) explaining 29.85 percent of the cases, is more effective than other factors. Overall, the findings show that the success of housing projects in rural areas is not only affected by factors such as the structural endurance of the building or its amenities, but a combination of factors is effective in achieving sustainability in rural housing developments.