كليدواژه :
آثارمعماري , مراتب ادراك , فرايند ادراك , حكمت متعاليه , خلق
چكيده فارسي :
شناخت مراتب و فرايند ادراك انسان و نحوه تعامل او با هستي از موضوعات مهم در حوزه معماري است در دوران معاصر صاحبنظران حوزه معماري نسبت به شناخت مراتب ادراك انسان و نقش آندر فرايند خلق و ادراك آثار معماري بيش از پيش توجه نشان داده اند و با انتقاد به ديدگاه مدرن در توجه صرف به مرتبه حسي ادراك آنهم با تمركز بر حس بينايي، لزوم توجه به همه مراتب ادراك انسان را مطرح مي نمايند. البته امروزه حوزه اي كه ادراك در آن بررسي مي شود بيشتر حوزه روانشناسي محيط است. اما رويكرد پژوهش حاضر متفاوت است. از منظر اين پژوهش يكي از مهمترين حوزه هايي كه مي تواند در فهم چيستي ادراك و فرايند آن كمك كند فلسفه است. لذا با مبنا قراردادن ديدگاه حكمت متعاليه به عنوان شالوده نظري خود در مرحله اول با استفاده از روش توصيفي-تحليلي به تعريف انسان، قواي ادراكي و مراتب ادراك انسان و فرايند تحقق پذيري هريك از مراتب پرداخته و در مرحله بعد با استفاده از روش استنباط و استدلال منطقي به بيان تناظر ميان مراتب ادراك انسان و عوالم هستي پرداخته و با كمك مدلهايي مراتب و مراحل ادراك انسان از هستي را تبيين مي نمايد. و بر اساس آن ها به بيان چگونگي تاثير گذاري مرتبه ادراك انسان و سطح تعامل او با هستي بر شكل گيري كيفيت آثار معماري مي پردازد. بر اساس پژوهش صورت گرفته مي توان گفت انسان داراي چهار سطح ادراك (حسي، خيالي، عقلي وشهودي) متناظر با عوالم هستي است. و قوايي ظاهري (بينايي، شنوايي، بويايي، چشايي، لامسه) و باطني (حس مشترك، خيال، واهمه، حافظه، متصرفه) به تحقق ادراك او كمك مي كنند. مطالعات نشان مي دهد ادراك انسان منجر به ايجاد خزانه اي از معنا و صورت در نفس انسان مي شود كه اين خزانه مهمترين منبع شكل دهي به ايده ها در انسان هنرمند است. زيرا انسان معمار با كمك قوه متصرفه خود و با مراجعه به خزانه معنا و صورت در نفس خود اقدام به آفرينش مي نمايد لذا كيفيت محتواي اين خزانه بر كيفيت خلق آثار معماري تاثيرگذار است.همچنينبر اساس ديدگاه حكمت متعاليه استعدادهاي ذاتي انسان و مهارتهاي اكتسابي او نيز در كيفيت آثار معماري موثر هستند.
چكيده لاتين :
Understanding the human perception levels and their process, and his interaction with the existence
is an important topic in the field of architecture. In the contemporary era, the architecture pundits
have shown more interest in the degrees of human perception and its role in the quality of creation
of architectural works process and have criticized the modern perspective of sensory perception
level and focusing on the sense of sight, and raised the necessity of considering all the human
perception levels.
Nowadays, the human perception of the universe and its impact on architecture and urban
development in the form of a category such as «human and environment relationship» is studied
from the perspective of psychology and by environmental psychologists. But they have not a distinct
philosophical perspective and clear theoretical basis to define the mankind, his perceptual levels
and its dimensions and environment and how it has an impact on humans; and the absence of this
attitude has damaged the field of environmental design, like architecture and urban development.
Therefore, to achieve accurate results we must set up comprehensive principles as a basis.
Therefore, the approach of the present study is different from the common research in this area
and based on the principles of Transcendental Wisdom as its theoretical foundation, we explain
the relationship between the human perception levels of the universe and the quality of creating
architecture works and its impacts.
The reason for the choice of Transcendental Wisdom as the theoretical research foundation wisdom
is that the theoretical basis of the author for research has always been the “maximum religion”
theory and among famous philosophical schools, the philosophical school of Mulla Sadra a.k.a.
Transcendental Wisdom is close to “maximum religion” theory. Because, as in this theory to gain
knowledge we use three tools of Holy Quran, tradition, and reason and instincts in a longitudinal
relationship, in Transcendental Wisdom we gain knowledge based on illumination or intellectual
intuition, (revelation, fascination or illumination) intellectual argument or reasoning (wisdom or
reasoning) and religion or oracle (religious or oracle).
Therefore, we set up our theoretical foundation based on Transcendental Wisdomand to do
this research in the first stage, we use the descriptive-analytical method to define mankind, his
perception levels and perceptual powers, and the process of realization of any of the levels based on the principles of transcendental philosophy; and next, we use logical reasoning and deduction to
express the correspondences between human perception levels and the universe and with the help of
models we use the degrees and levels of human perception regarding the universe, and accordingly we
explain the impact of human perception levels and the level of his interaction with the existence on the
formation of the quality of architectural works.
Based on the research and its results, it can be said that humans have four levels of perception (sensory,
mental, imaginary, and intuitional) corresponding to the realms of existence. The apparent powers
(sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch) and inward powers (common sense, imagination, illusion, memory,
MOTESAREFEH) help him to realize his perception. studies show that the human perception creates
a treasury of meaning and form in the human ego and this treasury is the most important source of
shaping ideas for the artist human. Because the architect human by using his MOTESAREFEH power
and referring to the meaning and form treasury in his ego proceeds to create and thus, the content quality
of this treasury influences the quality of creation of architectural works.
It should be noted that on the basis of past studies, the human perception levels and his ability to
interact with the levels of existence is affected by the level of existence of the artist human. In fact, it
is his interact level with the existence that forms his form and meaning treasury and sets the stage for
the quality of art and architecture works. Also, based on the perspective of transcendental philosophy,
other factors that affect the quality of architectural works consist of intrinsic talents and acquired skills
in humans.
