كليدواژه :
محيط‌زيست , گروههاي روستايي , عملكرد زيستي , آگاهي زيستي
چكيده فارسي :
محيط زيست يكي از ابعاد حساس و آسيب پذير به‌ويژه در روستاها مي‌باشد و با توجه به پيوند روستا با طبيعت ضرورت حفاظت از محيط زيست مشهود مي‌باشد. اين حفاظت نيازمند مشاركت تمامي گروههاي جامعه مي‌باشد. زيرا افراد و گروه ها به شيوه هاي متفاوت با محيط زيست تعامل برقرار مي‌كنند. در اين تحقيق مشكلات زيست محيطي موجود در روستاها شامل منابع آب، منابع خاك، پوشش گياهي، پسماند - فاضلاب و مشكلات كالبدي – فيزيكي بوده و گروههاي روستايي نيز شامل شش گروه بوده‌اند: كشاورزان، زنان روستايي، مردان روستايي، مديران محلي (دهيارها و اعضاي شوراي اسلامي)، سالمندان و كودكان. با تعيين مشكلات زيست محيطي و سپس تفكيك روستائيان به گروههاي متفاوت نگرش هر كدام از اين گروه ها نسبت به اهميت حفاظت از محيط زيست از طريق توجه و اقدامات آن‌ها در برخورد با اين مشكلات بررسي گرديده است. اين مقاله به شيوه توصيفي- تحليلي و از نوع كاربردي مي‌باشد. به‌منظور دستيابي به اهداف تحقيق، براساس جدول مورگان و كرجسي 300 پرسشنامه پس از تعيين روايي به‌صورت تصادفي در دهستان تركمان از بخش مركزي شهرستان اروميه تكميل شده است. سوالات پرسشنامه در دو بخش نگرش و آگاهي زيستي و عملكرد زيستي و در قالب طيف ليكرت بوده و نتايج از طريق تحليل واريانس يك طرفه تحليل شده‌اند. نتايج حاكي از تفاوت بين گروههاي مورد بررسي در آگاهي و عمل زيستي بوده و با توجه به نتايج تحليل مي‌توان دريافت كه كشاورزان گروهي بودند كه نسبت به مسائل زيستي و اقدام در راستاي اين مشكلات نسبت به ساير گروه‌‌ها در سطحي بالاتر بوده و كودكان در مقايسه با ساير گروه‌‌ها، ميانگين پايين‌‌تري در دو بخش مورد بررسي داشته‌اند. در مجموع تمامي گروههاي مورد بررسي در رابطه با هدف تحقيق در سطحي متوسط قرار دارند.
چكيده لاتين :
Environment literally means surrounding in which we are living. Environment includes the system of things on which we are directly or indirectly dependent for our survival, whether it is living like animals, plants or non-living component like soil, air water. In recent decades, many environmental problems have arisen as the result of human activities and unplanned management of the technological development that drastically disturbed ecosystems. Therefore, a dispute between the importance of conservation and preservation of ecosystems to protect environment and the necessity to satisfy human desire by sacrifice the environment has been emerged across the world. Therefore, environment is one of the sensitive and vulnerable aspects especially in rural areas and according to the relationship between rural areas and nature, protection of rural environment is vital. Such protection requires the participation of all community groups since individuals and groups interact with the environment in different ways. This study focuses on environmental issues in rural areas including water and soil resources, vegetation, waste – sewage and physical complications. For this purpose, six groups of rural people were examined to assess their actions and attitudes regarding environmental issues. These groups including farmers (The role of the farmer and land manager in delivering environmental benefits (e.g. biodiversity, soil and water protection) is well recognized; Rural women (At a worldwide level, there is a growing awareness of the need and importance of making women contribute to the environmental problems recognition, as well as in the planning of activities geared at the sustainable development of their communities); rural men (Women and men have different gender based roles and responsibilities in their own lives, families, households, and communities. They have different knowledge, access and control over natural resources, and different opportunities to participate in decisions regarding natural resources usage. Understanding women’s and men’s relationships to the environment plays an important role in developing solutions for more sustainable use of natural resources. Ignoring gender differences distorts the understanding of human impacts on the environment); local managers, elderly and children (In recent times, the subject of environment has interested the public and caught the attention and enthusiasm of children in particular.) The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992) adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development affirms that children are an indispensable component in achieving sustainable development. By identifying environmental issues and classifying rural people into different attitude groups, an assessment of people perception of environmental preservation is conducted. The analysis method is descriptive –and applied. Respective literature review and field survey have been conducted. Turkman rural district in west Azerbaijan was the statistical population of this study. Therefore, villages in this rural district were selected as samples. According to Morgan and Kerjesi table, 300 questionnaires were filled randomly. Data were analyzed using different statistical methods such as comparison of averages and Analysis Of Variance in SPSS software. The study classified attitudes and actions in rural district Turkmans and finally studied groups were classified based on the data obtained in the field survey. The results of present study showed that these rural groups have difference in the environmental awareness and action. In this rural district, farmers were recognized as the most aware group and children groups as the least.
