پديد آورندگان :
سواري، مسلم دانشگاه تهران , شيخي، حامد دانشگاه تهران , شاه‌پسند، محمدرضا وزارت جهاد كشاورزي - مؤسسه آموزش عالي علمي كاربردي
كليدواژه :
طرح‌هادي , شهرستان ديواندره , عمران روستايي , تحليل راهبردي , مديريت اجرايي
چكيده فارسي :
طرحهاي هادي روستايي در سال 1362 تحت عنوان روان بخشي روستاها در يكي از نقاط روستايي كشور به‌صورت پايلوت به اجرا گذاشته شد. در سالهاي بعد به‌خصوص در سال 1366 توسط بنياد مسكن انقلاب اسلامي با جديت تمام پيگيري و با هدف تجديد حيات و هدايت روستاها با در نظرگرفتن ابعاد كالبدي، اقتصادي، اجتماعي و فرهنگي اجرا شد و در بسياري از موارد رضايت و عدم رضايت روستاييان را بههمراه داشت و در مواردي نيز تهديدي براي بافت اصيل روستايي ايران بود. اكنون كه تقريباً سه دهه از اجراي اين طرحها در مناطق روستايي كشور ميگذرد ضروري است كه نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصتها و تهديدهاي اجرايي طرح هادي شناسايي شده و با تدوين راهبردهاي مناسب زمينه مديريت بهتر طرح مذكور را فراهم نمود. در اين راستا پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از ماتريس سوات (SWOT) نقاط قوت، نقاط ضعف، فرصتها و تهديدهاي پيش روي مديريت اجرايي طرح هادي در مناطق روستايي شهرستان ديواندره را شناسايي نمود و براي دستيابي به اهداف و مديريت آن راهبردهاي مناسب، تدوين و پيشنهاد شد. جامعه آماري اين پژوهش كارشناسان بنياد مسكن، مشاوران فعال در زمينه طرح هادي و دهياران روستاهايي بودند كه طرح هادي در آن اجرا شده بود. مجموعاً 66 نفر بودند كه تمامي اعضا به‌صورت سرشماري مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. بر پايه نتايج تحقيق مهمترين نقاط قوت و ضعف طرحها در مناطق روستايي به ترتيب «توسعه بافت فيزيكي روستا» و «طولاني شدن مدت اجرا» بوده است و همچنين عمدهترين فرصتها و تهديدهاي طرح‌هادي در مناطق روستايي به ترتيب «افزايش قيمت اراضي» و «عدم مشاركت مردم در اجراي طرح» ميباشد. بعد از تعيين راهبردهاي مناسب با استفاده از ماتريس كمي مديريت (QSPM) ميزان جذابيت هر كدام از راهبردها مشخص شد. در اين زمينه نتايج تحقيق نشان داد كه مهمترين راهبردها «تأمين و حمايتهاي دولتي از اجراي طرح و باز پرداخت به موقع هزينههاي تخريبي» و «هماهنگي الگوهاي پيشنهادي بنياد مسكن با معماري بومي- اقليمي منطقه و نيازهاي فضايي روستاييان» ميباشد. علاوه بر اين نتايج پژوهش نشان داد كه راهبرد مناسب براي مديريت اجراي طرحهاي هادي در مناطق روستايي راهبرد رقابتي است.
چكيده لاتين :
Villages have a special place in national development programs. Governments always seek to create change through regulating policies in format of development programs with related goals in order to achieve favorable environmental conditions in human settlements. Physical disorders and poor quality conditions of the rural housing are of the major issues in villages. According to the long history of some villages, the rural housing is a combination of old and new texture which are located side by side. Rural to urban migration cannot be controlled basically unless the difference between urban and rural areas as a result of the uneven development between the two places has wiped out. In this regard, in the past two decades, considerable effort has been made in rural development in order to reduce severe inequalities between urban and rural areas in the country. What is called “Hadi” in our country, is a project that along with organizing and modifying existing texture, determines the amount and location of its progress and the use of land for various purposes including residential, industrial, commercial and agricultural and facilities, equipment and general requirements in format of the decisions of plans to organize the rural settlements. The aim of “Hadi” project in the villages of the country is to prepare a program for organizing physical development and regulating all activities that occur in the covered villages. Improving the standard and quality of life of the community and its coordination with the country's economic progress is among the main goals in development. Investment in rural development paves the way to achieve these kinds of goals. For this reason, the exact knowledge of the realities of rural areas and understanding their needs in order to design an appropriate model and providing practical recommendations are the axes of the rural development. This importance and also difficult task is possible if effective factors be identified and used in rural development model and construction programs to prepare an appropriate model with existing features for rural areas. Thus, rural projects at first were conducted as a pilot plan in 1983, titled as Rural Rehabilitation in one of the rural areas. In the following years, especially in 1987, this plan was followed by the Islamic revolution housing foundation in order to revitalize and redirect villages in many dimensions like physical, economic, social and cultural. In many cases, this plan satisfied or dissatisfied people and in some other cases it was a threat for the fabric rural texture. Now, nearly after three decades of the implementation of this plan, it is necessary to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to this plan, and then develop proper strategies for a better management of this plan. In this regard the main purpose of this study was strategic analysis of executive management in rural Hadi plan in Divandarreh city by implementing SWOT and QSPM methods.
In this regard, this research used the SWOT matrix in order to identify strengths, Weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Executive Management in Rural Hadi Plan City Divandarreh to achieve the objectives of Hadi in rural areas and management strategies had been developed and proposed. The population of this study consisted of experts in housing, consultants involved in the project villages Dairy Hadi and the Hadi pattern was run for a total of 66 people who were all members in the study.
Based on research result on the strengths and weaknesses of research projects in rural areas were, respectively, Physical context of rural development and Long Duration of Implementation and also the Hadi principal of the opportunities and threats in rural areas are, respectively Rising land prices and Lack of public participation in the project . After determining appropriate strategies using a matrix management (QSPM) attractiveness of each of the strategies had been identified. In this context, the results showed that the most important strategy was Coordination models proposed by Housing Foundation, a local architecture, climate zone, as well as the needs of the rural space and Supply and public support of the project and the timely payment of the costs of destruction. In addition, the results showed the strategy for managing the implementation of competitive strategy conductor in rural areas.
