پديد آورندگان :
ويسي، فرزاد آموزش و پرورش استان كردستان، سنندج , طيب نيا، هادي آموزش و پرورش استان كردستان، سنندج , منوچهري، سوران آموزش و پرورش استان كردستان، سنندج
چكيده فارسي :
نظام توزيع جمعيت كشورو استقرار نامناسب روستاهاي پراكنده موجب بروز مشكلاتي در زمينه دسترسي و خدماترساني به اين روستاها گرديده و سطح پاييني از كيفيت زندگي را براي اين روستاها در پي داشته است لذا تدوين و اجراي سياستها و برنامه هاي به گزيني كه در حقيقت ابزاري نظري و عملي جهت مداخله در چنين فضاهاي روستايي هستند، ضروري است. در اين بين با توجه به حساسيتهاي اين طرحها در نواحي روستايي و تعيين كننده بودن ظرفيتهاي جامعه در به ثمر رسيدن طرحهاي توسعه محلي، نياز است كه با ديدي جامع، بررسي ظرفيتهاي جامعه روستايي به‌عنوان بخشي از مطالعات امكان سنجي كه به شناخت وضع موجود، جهت تدوين برنامه هاي كاربردي منجر ميگردد، انجام شود. در اين راستا پژوهش كاربردي حاضر كه با ديدي جامع و روشي توصيفي- تحليلي انجام گرفته، به تبيين نقش توسعه ظرفيتي روستاهاي كوچك و متفرق مرزي بخش خاووميرآباد شهرستان مريوان پرداخته است كه ضرورتهاي سياسي، اقتصادي و اجتماعي، سياست ادغام و تجميع را به‌عنوان يكي از گزينه هاي ساماندهي وضع موجود مطرح ميسازد تا رهيافت اين امكان سنجي، پيشنهاد به اجرا، عدم اجرا و يا ارائه راهكارهاي جايگزين باشد. گردآوري اطلاعات از طريق دو روش كتابخانه اي در بخش نظري و پيمايشي مبتني بر توزيع پرسشنامه در ميان روستاييان، مصاحبه با مردم محلي و بازديد ميداني در بخش عملي بوده است. جامعه آماري پژوهش نيز مشتمل بر 6 روستاي مرزي زير 100 نفر جمعيت بخش ميباشد كه ابتدا با بهره گيري از نمونه گيري كوكران، تعداد جامعه نمونه مشخص و سپس با استفاده از روش نمونه گيري منطبق، پرسشنامه ها به‌صورت تصادفي ساده در ميان 115 نفر از روستاييان توزيع گرديد. تجزيه و تحليل داده ها با بهره گيري از آمار استنباطي(t تك نمونهاي، رتبهاي فريدمن، تحليل مسير، همبستگي اسپيرمن، همگوني كايدو پيرسون مبتني بر جدول توافقي و تحليل واريانس يكطرفه) نشاندهنده نامناسب بودن سطح توسعه ظرفيتي روستاييان به‌ويژه در ابعاد اقتصادي و نهادي، جهت ادغام و تجميع است. همچنين يافتههاي پژوهش، نشان از ارتباط معنادار و منفي ميزان جمعيت با سطح توسعه ظرفيتي روستاييان و ارتباط مثبت سطح توسعه ظرفيتي با تمايل روستاييان به اجراي طرح ادغام و تجميع دارد.
چكيده لاتين :
Due to the high sensitivity of integration plans, blind acceptance or biased rejection of these plans are both incorrect and in the first stage, feasibility studies are needed to be done particularly in relation to the capacity of the local community. The researchers in the present study were to explain the role of capacity development in the adoption and implementation of organizing plans of villages in the form of integration as a form of development programs that their success is interconnected with the limited developmentsof local communities. The approach of this issue is a comprehensive understanding of the status quo to compile and adopt plans based on public awareness.
The integration method, among the methods for organizing the dispersed villages, is economically advantageous in providing services and facilities. Therefore, nowadays developing countries have mainly resorted to this method. These programs will be done in two forms: planned (voluntary) and unplanned (forced). The chances of the success of resettlement and voluntary planned integration are much more than the unplanned forced resettlement. This difference is due to the involvement of the people. People removal strategy and government extensive intervention will be efficient in the displacement and the formation of the new villages.
The current practical research with an analytical-descriptive method will explain the role of limited development in the feasibility of the reorganization plans in the form of integration of the villages. In this regard, library-based studies and fieldwork surveys based on questionnaires distributing among the villagers used to gather information. The study population consisted of rural residents (387 people) in the borderline villages fewer than 100 populations of Khawmirabad region of Mariwan city, which are the cases for reorganization in the form of aggregation and integration due to some political (border control) and social reasons (better service). The variables, based on previous studies, are the region’s situation and the views of experts, in the form of four dimensions of the capacity of the local community (economic, socio-cultural, environmental, physical and institutional).
Generally, the calculated mean, numerically, is less than desirable suitability test of the subject, which shows a meaningful level of 0.05. It indicates, in turn, that local people's capacities to integrate are not in a desirable level. The results of path analysis test also shows that in the formation of undesirable existing conditions of local people's capacity to integrate, the institutional dimension with 490 items have had the greatest impact.
In direct observation and interviews, which with local people done, they asserted that, one of the fundamental problems was weak and unsatisfactory economic indicators, especially poverty and unemployment. Even the integration in new location according to several weaknesses in the institutional aspect and distrusts toward public institutions is not conducive to improve their economic situation. In addition to distrust to governmental institutions, the lack of belief in the optimal performance of village officials and councils in the process of integration projects are other indicators that results in unfavorable state of institutional capacities of local people. Given that this plan is mandatory, in the first place, it is necessary for authorized institutions to evaluate all aspects of this process and its prerequisites for proper implementation. Then, by carefully planning and anticipating the needs and preparations of the plan, efforts to accompany the local population by increasing the capacity of the villagers. In fact, enhancing capacity building through education and information promotion, social networking with precise timing and empowerment, Collective mechanisms, awareness raising, and the establishment of efficient rural management and leadership.
