كليدواژه :
مفهوم مبدأ , روايت اسطوره اي , سفر قهرمان , فيلم جويندگان
چكيده فارسي :
روايت ها - و بخصوص روايت هاي داستاني- از هر نوع كه باشند و از طريق هر رسانه اي كه بازنمايي شوند، غالبا فرض هايي درباره ي جهان، چگونگي ادراك و معناي آن به مخاطب پيشنهاد مي كنند. از آنجا كه يكي از اهدف و كاركردهاي بنيادين روايت مفهوم سازي است، اين جستار مباني روايت اسطوره اي در سينما را از منظر مفهومي مورد بررسي قرار ميدهد. بدين منظور، ضمن تشريح مفهوم مبدا يا سرآغاز (آرخه) و نسبت آن با دين و اسطوره، از رهگذر بررسي الگوي سفر قهرمان در روايت هاي اسطوره اي ، نشان خواهيم داد كه اين كهن الگو صورتي از فرآيند صيرورت انسان و در اصل يك فرآيند تكامل معنوي و بازگشت به ارزش هاي آغازين است. يكي از راه هاي خوانش، كشف و دريافت معناي متن چه در حوزه ي ادبيات داستاني و چه در ساير رسانه هاي داستان گو و از جمله سينما، نقد اسطوره اي است. اين جستار از رهگذر تحليل فرم بصري و روايي نماهاي اول و آخر فيلم سينمايي جويندگان، مفهوم «مبدأ» در مطالعات اسطوره اي را بازخواني مي كند و نشان مي دهد كه الگوي سفر قهرمان در سينماي داستاني ريشه در مفاهيم ازلي و بخصوص آغاز و انجام آفرينش دارد. سامانه ي نظري اين پژوهش مبتني بر نظريه هاي كهن الگو و ناخودآگاه جمعي كارل گوستاو يونگدر حوزه ي روانشناسي تحليلي، نظريه ي تك اسطوره ي جوزف كمپل در مطالعات اسطوره شناختي و تحليل اسطوره ي خاستگاه ميرچا الياده در مطالعات دين پژوهي و اسطوره شناسي است.
چكيده لاتين :
Narratives -especially the fictional narratives- of any kind which are narrated through any medium often
introduce the assumptions about the world and the ways it is perceived. Since the conceptualization is
considered as one of the fundamental objectives as well as functions of the narratives, the study, taking
the conceptual approach, analyzes the origins of the cinematic mythical narrative. To this end, arguing the
concept of Origin (Arche) and its relation to Religion and Myth through analyzing the pattern of the Hero’s
Journey of the mythical narratives, we show the mentioned archetype as a form of an anagogical process and
essentially the process of the spiritual evolution and return to the original values in the religious thought. From
mythological perspective, Hero Myth is considered as one of the most prevalent and familiar myths in the
contemporary world. So, due to the hero character’s mythical as well as structural functions at forming the
dramatic pattern, the hero myth can be taken as an effective pattern in the dramatic structures. One of the most
appropriate approaches to read, perceive and criticize a text either in the realm of fictional narrative or other
narrative media such as film is Mythological Criticism. Recognizing the concept of Origin in the mythological
studies through the visual and narrative analysis of the first and last shots of The Searches as the case study,
the study shows that the pattern of the hero’s journey in the fiction film originates from the primordial and
eternal concepts and in particular the beginning as well as the end of the Creation. The perception refers to that
authentic eternal story, the original myth of the Creation and Return of Man. This journey is considered as the
fundamental or basic pattern of Man life. The pattern of Man’s Creation ends with an ontological turn, getting
him to the starting point. Hence, it can be claimed that the archetype of hero’s journey roots in the prominent
archetype of Creation. Therefore, the authentic samples of the narrative arts refer to and are enforced by the
pattern of the hero’s journey and in other words the mythical narratives’ structure, the narratives organized in
the form of the authentic mythical patterns and emanated from the depth of unconscious psyche; although, it
does not mean that one fictional structure is applied or repeated in all the fictional narratives or in other words,
all the fictional narratives follow the same fictional or dramatic structure. In fact, the myths not only narrate
a story, but also create the patterns for the representation of the principle concepts or themes of the human
mind. The study’s theoretical framework include Carl Gustavo Jung’s Archetype and Collective Unconscious
theories in the realm of the analytical psychology, Joseph Campbell’s Monomyth theory in the realm of
mythological studies, and Mircea Eliade’s Origin Myth in the realm of religious and mythological Studies.
