پديد آورندگان :
عسكري رابري، اباصلت دانشگاه حكيم سبزواري - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه معماري , عباس زاده، شهاب دانشگاه حكيم سبزواري - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه معماري , آبرون، علي اصغر دانشگاه حكيم سبزواري - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي - گروه معماري
كليدواژه :
رياب , مسكن روستايي جديد , ساختار معماري مسكن روستايي , تغييرات عرصه حيات روستايي
چكيده فارسي :
چندين سال است كه روستاهاي كشور بنا به دلايل متعددي كاركرد و بهره‌دهي مناسب خود را ندارند و از سويي بررسي و شناخت نواحي روستايي و تحليل قابليت‌ها و تنگناهاي آن‌ها در فرايند برنامه‌ريزي توسعه روستايي اهميت به‌سزايي دارد. در اين ميان مسكن به‌طور عام و مساكن روستايي به‌طور خاص، بر حسب شرايط پيچيده زماني- مكاني، تغييرات مختلف ماهيتي- كاركردي را بخود مي‌بينند و نمايانگر شيوه‌هاي مختلف معماري مي‌شوند. گونه مسكن جديد در روستاي تاريخي رياب، در مقايسه با مساكن سنتي- بومي اين روستا نوعي از تفرق شيوه معماري را نشان مي‌دهد مي‌توان ريشه اين تغييرات را به تغيير و تحولات در عرصه حيات روستا در ارتباط با سطوح بالاتر نظام برنامه‌ريزي و توسعه روستايي مرتبط دانست. لذا در پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور مطالعه چگونگي تأثير‌گذاري تغييرات حادث شده در عرصه حيات روستايي بر ساختار معماري مسكن روستايي، ابتدا عوامل مؤثر بر عرصه حيات روستايي مورد واكاوي قرار گرفته و سپس سعي شده است در قالب نمونه موردي تحقيق، چگونگي تأثير اين عوامل بر تغييرات ساختار معماري مسكن روستايي از بومي- سنتي به جديد مورد شناسايي و تحليل قرار گيرد. اين پژوهش از نوع كاربردي بوده كه با روشي تركيبي و از طريق مطالعه منابع كتابخانه‌اي و انجام مشاهدات ميداني، با رويكردي توصيفي- تحليلي انجام شده است. طبق يافته‌هاي پژوهش حاضر جريان حيات روستايي متأثر از چهار عامل اجتماعي- فرهنگي، اقتصادي، محيطي و نهادي (انساني) مي‌باشد كه تغيير و تحولات خود را در قالب ساختار معماري مسكن روستايي به‌صورت سه دسته تغييرات شامل تغييرات در سازمان فضايي، عناصر كالبدي و نقش كاركردي مسكن روستايي نمايان مي‌سازند.
چكيده لاتين :
Examining and recognizing rural areas and analyzing their capabilities and their planning bottlenecks in the process of rural development are very important. The villages of the country have not been functioning with their full capacity for several years due to various reasons. Rural housing as a symbol of the efficient interaction of people with the natural environment around himself, according to the time-space conditions, accommodated various adaptive transformations with according to the correspondent livelihood and the architectural practices. From this perspective, rural housing can be viewed as a display of how environmental and functional changes have influenced the livelihoods of villages, through which they have altered the residential architecture.
The new housing type in the historical village of Riab, as compared to the traditional and native dwellings exhibits strong disparity. The grassroots of such changes leads to the top-down regional planning and development projections according to the theories discussed in modern geography. The present research, via explaining the causes and factors influencing rural life, attempts to explain the nature of rural life influences on the structure of rural housing architecture, to examine the changes of rural housing from traditional-native housing to new housing in a the selected case study. This is achieved through combined descriptive-analytical approach, while studying library resources and field observations, and analyzed the changes in the structure of rural housing architecture.
In order to study the changes in the architecture of rural houses as well as comparing two types of native historical and new architectural structures, the statistical population of the study is selected from the two housing typology. This is done by considering entire residential area of the historical village of Riab from the two constructional patterns mentioned in the classified disproportionate sampling method. The dual classification has been made based on two types of native-traditional and new construction according to observation and field surveys. Then an analysis of case studies of the by Cochran volume determination method and simple random sampling method, from the total of existing building blocks in the village is conducted.
According to the findings of the research, rural life can be considered effective from four dimensions: socio-cultural, economic, environmental and institutional (human). Certain socio-cultural and economic dimensions have an indispensable role in such transformations, and the environmental and institutional dimensions provide the building blocks of rural housing architecture. In general, according to the analysis of the changes in the structure of rural housing architecture in Riab, main changes could be indicated in three categories: changes in the spatial organization, physical elements, and functional role of housing. The changes in the functional dimension of rural housing include removal of certain native historical spaces and the addition of new ones as well as transition and substitution of existent spaces. In the physical dimension, it is found that material and structural changes, ornamental simplification have been noticeable. In spatial organization dimension, the changes in spatial integration and spatial configuration were among evident findings.
