كليدواژه :
بافت باارزش روستايي , حفاظت , بهسازي , سكونتگاه روستايي , خراسانجنوبي
چكيده فارسي :
امروزه در جريان برنامههاي توسعه روستايي حفاظت و توسعه از موانع اساسي در راه يكديگر ميباشند. از يك سو هم بايد حافظ اصالت و ارزش مكان بود و از سوي ديگر در راستاي تأمين رفاه اقتصادي سكونتگاههاي روستايي گام برداشت. قدر مسلم، پرداختن به احياي بافت باارزش، آثار و تبعات زيستمحيطي، كالبدي، اقتصادي و اجتماعي بههمراه خواهد داشت. هر چند شناسايي و حفاظت از بافت باارزش روستايي در جهت حفظ ميراث فرهنگي و تاريخي اهميت دارد، چگونگي حفاظت و رسيدگي به اين گونه بافتها اهميتي مضاعف دارد. بدين منظور هدف از اين مقاله بررسي تغييرات اجتماعي، اقتصادي، كالبدي و زيست محيطي بعد از اجراي طرحهاي بهسازي بافتهاي باارزش روستايي ميباشد. اين تحقيق از لحاظ هدف، كاربردي و از لحاظ روش، توصيفي– تحليلي و رويكرد آن، پيمايشي ميباشد. دادههاي مورد نياز از مطالعات كتابخانهاي و پيمايشي گردآوري شده است. جامعه آماري شامل سه روستاي نايبند شهرستان طبس، خور شهرستان خوسف و فورگ شهرستان در ميان در استان خراسان جنوبي ميباشد كه طرح بهسازي بافت باارزش در آن اجرا شده است. از اين ميان با بهكارگيري فرمول كوكران، تعداد 310 نفر بهعنوان نمونه انتخاب شدهاند. ابزار گردآوري اطلاعات پرسشنامه و مقياس سنجش شاخصهاي مورد استفاده ترتيبي و ابزار سنجش، طيف ليكرت بوده است. براي تحليل دادهها نيز از آزمون ويلكاكسون (براي متغيرهاي ناپارامتريك) و T نمونههاي وابسته (براي متغيرهاي پارامتريك) استفاده شده است. نتايج حاصل از اين بررسي نشان ميدهد كه بهسازي بافت باارزش با در نظر گرفتن كالبد و شرايط محيطي هر روستا و جلوگيري از ساخت و ساز غيربومي منجر به تغييرات اجتماعي، كالبدي، زيست-محيطي و اقتصادي مثبتي شده است اما وجود شرايط طبيعي نامساعد مانند بحرانهاي طبيعي و استقرار نامناسب روستا، كيفيت طرحها را بهويژه از بعد اقتصادي و زيست-محيطي پايين آورده است. بدين منظور جهت بهسازي و احياي بافت باارزش روستايي پيشنهادهايي در پنج مقوله شامل مرمت بافت، خدمت رساني، گردشگرپذيري، امنيت و توسعه اجتماع محلي ارائه شده است كه هر پنج مقوله بهگونهاي لازم و ملزوم يكديگرند و در راستاي دست يافتن به توسعه مطلوب بايد به هر پنج مقوله توجه گردد.
چكيده لاتين :
In rural development programs, the protection of existing values and development represent two conflicting goals. On the one hand the authenticity and local values need to be protected and on the other, there is a need to ensure the economic prosperity of rural settlements. The regeneration of valuable fabric of rural settlements will lead to environmental, physical, economic and social consequences. Existing literature shows that the regeneration of valuable rural areas and their preservation without any intervention in rural landscape or spaces for tourist interests alongside preserving local identity and values can prepare the ground for physical-spatial development of rural settlements. This literature places emphasis on integrative regeneration approaches that protect the authenticity, local values and economic growth and considers a developmental approach to preservation as suitable. Although the identification and protection of valuable rural fabric with the aim of preserving rural cultural and historical heritage is important, the methods of preservation and maintenance of these rural areas seem to be more critical. The purpose of this paper is to examine social, economic, physical and environmental changes following the implementation of regeneration programs in valuable rural areas.
Methods
This applied research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, using survey as its main method of data collection. The statistical population of this study is consisted of residents of three villages of Naiband, khoor and the Forg in South Khorasan province, where the rural regeneration program has been implemented in their historically valuable rural fabric. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample of 310 subjects were determined. The questionnaire used ordinal and Likert-scale. To analyze the data, the Wilcoxon test (nonparametric variables) and T dependent samples (parametric variables) were used.
Results
Social dimension: To assess the social implications of the program, the status of these variables before and after the implementation have been compared. Results indicate a significant social changes after the implementation of the program in three villages.
Physical dimension: Survey responses about the physical aspects of the program show a significant (significance level of less than 0.05) change (improvement) compared to the pre-implementation condition.
Environmental aspects: Storm water runoff management, waste disposal management as well as the cleanliness of the villages are indicative of environmental improvement after the implementation of the program in valuable rural fabric. In particular, this difference is significant in Khor village.
Economic dimension: Survey respondents' views on the economic changes resulted from the program indicate a significant improvement in all villages except for Naibad village.
Conclusion
This study shows that the regeneration program in valuable rural fabric has resulted in positive social, physical, environmental and economic changes, given that the program took into consideration the context of each village and avoid non-local methods and excessive physical intervention in these villages. However, factors such as unfavorable natural conditions such as natural hazards and poor location of villages have resulted in a lower quality planning in terms of economic and environmental aspects. In order to improve this program, the paper presents a number of suggestions under five categories of restoration of rural fabric, service providision, tourism, security and community development. All these five categories are interdependent and indispensable in order to achieve the desired development goals.