تجزيه و تحليل پيكره‌بندي فضايي خانه‌هاي بومي با رويكرد نحو فضا (نمونه موردي : شهر بُشرويه)

A Space Syntax Analysis of Vernacular Dwelling Configuration (Case Study: Boshrooyeh City)

پژوهش حاضر به قياس تحليلي پيكره‌بندي فضايي خانه‌هاي بومي در نمونه بُشرويه در جنوب خراسان در دوره‌هاي صفويه، قاجار، پهلوي و بعد از انقلاب پرداخته است. در اين پژوهش فرض بر اين است كه پيكره‌بندي فضايي خانه كه تا اوايل پهلوي داراي تداوم و استمرار بوده از اواخر اين دوره دچار تغييرات شگرفي شده است. اين تحقيق از گونه پژوهش موردي با استفاده از روش تحقيق تركيبي شامل روش‌هاي توصيفي، تحليلي و در نهايت استدلال منطقي مي‌باشد. به اين ترتيب موضوع پژوهش با استفاده از مشاهده و برداشت ميداني، مطالعات كتابخانه­اي، مصاحبه و تهيه پرسشنامه و شبيه سازي به‌وسيله‌ نرم‌افزار تخصصي نحو فضا (Ucl Depth Map) و قياس تطبيقي صورت گرفته است. يافته‌هاي پژوهش نشان مي­دهد كه پيكره­بندي و سازمان فضايي خانه­ها در دوره­هاي صفويه تا اوايل پهلوي داراي تداوم و استمرار بوده و فرهنگ سكونت بومي نقش مهمي در شكل‌گيري انواع فضا و نحوه سازمان‌دهي آن داشته است. لذا مي‌توان اذعان نمود كه در دوره‌هاي صفويه، قاجار تا اوايل پهلوي الگوها و شيوه‌هاي سازمان‌دهي فرم و فضا كه مورد استفاده طراحان بومي بوده نسبتاً مشابه و خلاقيت، در مرحله ارائه راه حل براي نقاط ضعف احتمالي يا تغييرات در شيوه زندگي و پيدايش نيازهاي جديد بروز مي‌كرده است. لذا تداوم و استمرار در پيكره‌بندي و سازمان فضايي خانه‌هاي بومي مشاهده مي‌شود. ‌از اواخر دوره پهلوي پيكره‌بندي فضايي خانه‌ها دچار تغييرات شده و تداوم و استمرار در پيكره‌بندي فضايي موجود تا قبل از اين زمان، در دوره‌هاي بعدي از ميان رفته است كه اين خود مي­تواند بر فرهنگ سكونت بومي و نظام رفتاري ساكنان بومي اثر‌گذار باشد.

This study deals with the analytic induction of spatial configuration in Boshrooyeh verbacular houses at South Khorasan during Safavid, Qajar, and Pahlavi dynasties and after the Islamic revolution. The historical urban fabric of Boshrooyeh is among the least affected urban settings in Southern Khorasan Province that still maintained some structures from Timurid dynasty up to the end of the Pahlavi. It possesses a distinctive heritage of traditional architecture in hot-arid regions with several historical buildings and monuments yet stand still. In this study through several analytical surveys, a space syntax approach is used in the architectural scale for investigating and understanding the spatial configuration of vernacular dwelling spaces. The analysis seeks configuration compatibility and spatial organization of the houses and their transformations resulted from the lifestyle and behavioral system of the inhabitants within different historical periods. Several scholars and researchers have stressed out the mutual impact of culture and housing particularly to be evident in the behavioral setting of vernacular built environment which is also taken as an important basis for this study. This study is a case study research and is based on combined research methods including both descriptive analytical methods and, logical reasoning. Thus, several field observations, library researches, interviews, questionnaires and simulation by space syntax (Ucl Depth Map) and comparative analogy have been conducted. Following the space syntax analysis, it is found that the spatial configuration of houses have been more or less coherently continued until the beginning of Pahlavi period that faced with dramatic changes. Spatial Typology and organization was also found to be deeply tied with lifestyle and emergent needs. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that patterns and practices for organizing the form and space, which were used, by indigenous designers and master builders were relatively similar to each other during the noted historical periods. The main creative designerly intervention in such continuous building tradition was manifested in response to changes in lifestyle and the emergence of new needs via incremental modifications to spatial settings. Nonetheless, spatial configuration of houses drastically changed by the end of the Pahlavi period and the durability and continuity of such spatial configurations that were existed up to that time diminished. This in turn affected native inhabitants and their behavioral system. Projecting this research into other aspects of the built environment, may provide grounds for contemporary housing design in harmony with new requirements that are based on cultural values and environmental patterns of the place.