طراحي و روان سنجي پرسشنامه سنجش علل خشونت خانگي از ديدگاه مردان متاهل داراي سابقه خشونت عليه زنان در شهر سبزوار

Development and Psychometric of a Questionnaire for Assessing of the Causes of Domestic Violence in Married Men

زمينه و هدف: اين مطالعه با هدف طراحي و روانسنجي پرسشنامه سنجش خشونت عليه زنان در جمعيت ايراني صورت پذيرفت. مواد و روش ها: اين يك مطالعه تركيبي اكتشافي متوالي بود. براساس يافته هاي مطالعه كيفي و بررسي متون ، ابزار اوليه طراحي شد. براي تعيين اعتبار ابزار از اعتبار صوري، اعتبار محتوا (با اندازه گيري نسبت اعتبار محتوا و شاخص اعتبار محتوا) و اعتبار سازه (با انجام تحليل عامل اكتشافي ) و براي تعيين پايايي ابزار از همساني دروني و روش آزمون مجدد استفاده گرديد. يافته ها: روائي صوري و محتوا بهصورت كيفي و كمي انجام شد. در روايي صوري 7 آيتم به دليل كسب نمره كمتر از 1.5حذف شدند.و در روايي محتوا با د ر نظر گرفتن نقطه برش 0/79 براي سنجش شاخص اعتبار محتوا و نقطه برش 0/59 براي نسبت اعتبار تعداد 34 گويه حذف شد. و تعداد گويه ها به 58 كاهش يافت.روايي سازه توسط تحليل عاملي اكتشافي انجام شد. نتايج تحليل عاملي اكتشافي، وجود مدل 6 عاملي عوامل اجتماعي تضعيف كننده قبل و بعد از ازدواج، فقدان مهارت در ايفاي نقش يك همسر، آموزه هاي غلط و ناكافي به زوجين، همسرداري ناسالم زنان، پارادوكس حمايت خانواده و بي واسطگي را تاييد نمود. اين شش عامل در مجموع 75% واريانش خشونت عليه زنان را تبيين مي كردند. پايايي ابزار با استفاده از همساني دروني ( 987 /0 = α)و ثبات آن از طريق آزمون مجدد (ICC = 0/992) تاييد گرديد. نتيجه گيري: با توجه به اينكه شاخص هاي پرسشنامه از روايي و پايايي قابل قبولي برخوردار بودند، لذا پرسشنامه خشونت عليه زنان مي تواند به عنوان يك پرسشنامه با روايي و پايايي قابل قبول در سنجش خشونت عليه زنان در مردان متاهل ايراني بكار رود.

Background Measuring violence against women in an Iranian population and planning to control it requires an instrument meeting the cultural, social and religious norms of our society. This study follows a qualitative research aimed to design and assess a comprehensive questionnaire about the violence against women in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods This study was a sequential exploratory mixed method. At first, 20 subjects were participated in deep semi-structured interviews and the reasons for violence were explored through their experiences. According to the results of the qualitative research and the revising of texts, the primitive instruments were designed. Face validity, content validity (by measuring content validity toward content validity index) and construct validity (by analysis of exploratory factor) were used to determine the validity of instruments. Therefore, internal consistency and test-retest method were used to determine reliability of instruments. Results Ninety nine items were perceived as essential, relevant and comprehendible by both the experts and the community. Face and content validities were performed by quality and quantity methods, respectively. In face validity, 7 items were excluded due to a score less than 1.5. In content validity by taking the 0. 79 cut-off point to assess content validity index and 0.59 cut-off point to 34 items were eliminated. Thus, the number of items reduced to 58. Validity by exploratory factor analysis was performed. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a six-factor model items including: social factors undermining family stability, unhealthy life skills of couples, improper and insufficient teachings to couples, unhealthy treating of wives toward their husbands, family support paradox, immediacy. These six factors explained 75% of variance violence against women. Therefore, internal consistency and test-retest method were used to determine reliability of instruments (α=0. 987), (ICC=0. 992). Conclusion Considering that all validity and reliability indexes of the questionnaire are reported in an appropriate level. Violence against women’ questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable questionnaire in measuring domestic violence in Iranian married men.