پديد آورندگان :
حسيني، مهدي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن - ﮔﺮوه آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺧﺎك , ﻣﻮﺣﺪي ﻧﺎﺋﯿﻨﯽ، ﻋﻠﯿﺮﺿﺎ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن - ﮔﺮوه آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﺧﺎك , ﺷﻤﺲآﺑﺎدي، ﺣﺴﯿﻨﻌﻠﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن - ﮔﺮوه آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺑﯿﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ , درﯾﺠﺎﻧﯽ، ﻋﻠﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر ﮐﺮﻣﺎن , ﺧﯿﺮي ﻧﺘﺎج ﻓﯿﺮوزﺟﺎه، ﻣﺠﯿﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ - ﮔﺮوه آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي
چكيده فارسي :
دﺳﺖﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺶﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ ﺑﺎ اراﺋﻪ روش ﺧﺎكورزي ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ درآﻣﺪ ﮐﺸﺎورز و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨـﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ از اﻫﺪاف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺸﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 5 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺧﺎكورزي در 4 ﺗﮑﺮار، ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 89- 1388 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﻨﺞ روش آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﺧﺎكورزي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: 1(ﮔﺎوآﻫﻦ ﺑﺮﮔﺮدان دار ﺳﻮارﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت دﯾﺴﮏ 2) رﺗﯿﻮاﺗﻮر 3) دﯾﺴﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ 4) ﭼﯿﺰل (ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ) و 5) روش ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎكورزي در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﮑﺮار، ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 89- 1388 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﻨﺞ روش آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﺧﺎكورزي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: 1(ﮔﺎوآﻫﻦ ﺑﺮﮔﺮدان دار ﺳﻮارﺷﻮﻧﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت دﯾﺴﮏ 2(رﺗﯿﻮاﺗﻮر 3(دﯾﺴﮏ )ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ 4( ﭼﯿﺰل )ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ و 5( روش ﺑﺪون ﺧﺎكورزي در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺿﺮورﺗﯽ اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.
چكيده لاتين :
The main objective of this study was to obtain the highest rain-fed wheat yield in front of optimum tillage method. In this regards, different tillage methods were applied in order to increase the income and reduce the production costs. Therefore, an experiment was carried out on the research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, in 2009-2010. The statistical analyses of the experiment were carried out based on randomised complete block design at four replications. The plots attributed to five tillage methods namely: a) mounted moldboard plough with three bottoms followed by disc harrow; b) rotavator, alone; c) disc harrow, alone; d) chisel plough, alone and e) no-till. Wheat seed was planted in these plots under the afore-mentioned tillage methods. The results showed that no-till method was not suitable for rain-fed wheat yield; because it led to a considerable yield reduction. Grain and straw yields in no-till plots was 1305.6 and 3072.1 kg/ha, respectively. The income obtained from grain and straw in no-till method and as well the total income was 4,700,160, 3,072,100 and 7,772,260 Rials/ha, respectively. With considering of the yield and tillage fees in these methods, the net benefit in moldboard plough followed by disc harrow was greater than other tillage methods. The ploughing cost at this intensive tillage was greater than others due to more fuel consumption. Moreover, the income in the moldboard ploughed plots followed by disc harrow was 12,671,020 Rials/ha and ploughing cost was 600,000 Rials/ha. Therefore, the net benefit was 12,071,020 Rials/ha. Seed and fertilizer consumption and their costs in these various tillage methods were similar. The results also showed that increase of the intensity of tillage operation, and/or soil disturbance between the rows after planting led to reduction in potassium fertilizer requirement
