كليدواژه :
مكان يابي , منطق فازي , تصميم گيري چند معياره , لندفيل , سيستم اطلاعات جغرافيايي
چكيده فارسي :
سالانه ميليون ها تن پسماند در سراسر دنيا توليد مي شود كه مديريت صحيح آنها از مهم ترين دغدغه هاي جوامع بشري است. مكان يابي محل دفن پسماندهاي شهري فرآيندي پيچيده است كه نياز به معيارهاي متعدد زيست محيطي و فني دارد. در اين پژوهش، مكان يابي محل دفن پسماندهاي شهري شهرستان اراك با روش تصميم گيري چند معياره در GIS انجام شده است. نخست پس از تبديل داده هاي وكتوري به لايه هاي رستر و تهيه نقشه هاي رستري لايه هاي اطلاعاتي، استانداردسازي لايه ها بر اساس نوع توابع عضويت فازي (صعودي يا نزولي) بين صفر و يك انجام شد. براي تعيين وزن نهايي لايه ها از روش فرآيند تحليل سلسله مراتبي (AHP) استفاده شد. در مرحله بعد روش تركيب خطي وزن دار براي تلفيق لايه هاي اطلاعاتي مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. در نهايت 5 طبقه با تناسب هاي مكاني بسيار پايين، پايين، متوسط، بالا و بسيار بالا براي دفن پسماندهاي شهري شهرستان اراك حاصل شد و بالاترين تناسب مكاني در طبقه فازي 0/69 تا 0/87 به دست آمد. بيشترين مساحت براي انتخاب مكان دفن پسماندهاي شهري شهرستان اراك مربوط به مناطق با تناسب مكاني بالا با وسعت 1212/44 كيلومتر مربع و كمترين مساحت مربوط به مناطق با تناسب مكاني بسيار پايين با وسعتي حدود 270/73 كيلومتر مربع محاسبه شد.
چكيده لاتين :
Urban landfill site selection is a complex process requiring numerous environmental criteria. Thus, an integrated municipal solid waste (MSW) management plan - including all stages from waste generation to ultimate disposal - must be considered as an important environmental issue. Absence of correct supervision over the management and collection of MSW can create numerous environmental problems, especially for the people who live around such landfills. Thus, appropriate urban landfill site selection is a main issue related to the stability of cities and human environments. It can meet the ultimate goal of the requirements of urban solid waste management with regard to the ecologic, socio-economic parameters, and urban sustainable development principles. Preventing the negative environmental effects of landfills, site selection is the best choice helping the sustainable development and environmental conservation. Since inappropriate disposal of urban waste materials have negative effects on both environment and citizens’ health, it is imperative that officials take measures to create appropriate landfill sites. Landfilling is viable and common ultimate disposal methods for MSW in many developing countries. Many researchers believe that the proper site selection for landfill may reduce its negative environmental impacts. All the environmental effects of landfill should be taken into account during the siting process. In other words, different environmental criteria and socio-economical aspects should be considered to select an optimal option to achieve the least possible adverse effects. The present research deals with a GIS-based spatial decision-making with regard to the ecologic and socio-economic parameters for the determination of Arak city environmental capability to select a suitable, urban landfill site. First, the data were collected according to regional conditions and access to them. Since available data were as vectors, Euclidean distance function is used to convert them to raster layer. The purpose of this research, is selecting a landfill site based on a weighted linear combination (WLC) in geographic information system (GIS) environment. Since GIS can manage a large amount of spatial data, it can be served as an ideal tool in the siting studies. Moreover, combination of Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) and GIS is considered as a helpful method to landfill siting, regarding different complex factors. After the production of the raster maps of the information layers, the standardization of the layers was conducted based on the type of fuzzy membership functions (ascending or descending) between 0 and 1. Then the final weight of the layers was determined using the AHP method. The AHP process makes simultaneous combination of quantitative and qualitative metrics possible. In the next step, the fuzzy logic method was used to incorporate the information layers based on WLC. Eventually, 5 classes of suitability were obtained for urban landfill sites in Arak city with very low, low, moderate, high, and very high spatial suitability in the fuzzy class of 0.69 to 0.87. The greatest area for the selection of urban landfill sites in Arak city with high spatial suitability was found to be 1212.44 square kilometers but the least area with very low spatial suitability was found to be 270.73 square kilometers.
