كليدواژه :
كهن الگو , سفر قهرمان , معلقه عنتره , هفنت خوان رستم
چكيده فارسي :
داستان سفر قهرمان و گذشتن از مراحل دشوار براي نيل به مقصودي معين و بخشيدن رهآورد اين سفر پرمخاطره به ياران، كهن‌الگويي است كه ژوزف كمبل (1987-1904)، اسطورهشناس آمريكايي را بر آن داشت تا با بررسي شواهدي متعدد از قصه‌ها و افسانه‌هاي مختلف جهان، طرح جامعي را به شيوه رايج ساختارگرايان، براي ارائه نمايه بنيادين كهن‌الگوي سفر قهرمان، ارائه نمايد. مفروض بر اينكه بررسي و انطباق اين الگو با داستان‌هاي ملل، با تفاوتها و شباهتهايي در سير ساختاري مواجه خواهد شد. با هدف تبيين همگوني‌ها و ناهمگوني‌هاي ساختار اين الگو با سفر قهرماني در داستان «هفت‌خوان رستم» از شاهنامه فردوسي و «معلقه عنتره بن شداد» از شاعران عصر جاهلي عرب (نجد،525م.)، به بررسي ويژگيها و صفات كهن‌الگوهاي مربوط با روش توصيفي- تحليلي به لحاظ نقد كهن‌الگويي مي‌پردازد. اين جستار، با ارائه نشانه‌هاي حماسي و بازگويي نشانه‌هاي قهرماني در سروده عنتره و موارد قابل انطباق ساختار آن با سفر قهرماني (الگوي يگانه كمبل)، طي مطالعه ارتباطات متقابل دو اثر، به اين شيوه، اين نتيجه را نشان مي‌دهد كه ساختار اين الگو، در هر دو اثر، خود را در قالبي جديد، با وجود تفاوتها و شباهت‌ها تكرار مي‌كند.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction The story of a hero’s journey and weathering arduous stages for the purpose of accomplishing a specific objective and subsequently bestowing the gifts of that tortuous journey on companions is an archetype which instigated Joseph Campbell (1904-1987), an American mythologist, to propound a comprehensive outline to portray an archetype of a heroes’ journey, with regard to numerous evidences in varied stories and myths. The writers of the present study aim, using a descriptive-analytical methodology, to identify the structural similarities and differences of related patterns, from an archetypal literary criticism point of view, in the journeys of heroes in “the seven labors of Rostam” of Shahname [the epic of kings] written by the Persian master poet Ferdowsi and “Mu’allaqat” written by Antarah Ibn Shaddad, one of Jahiliyyah [ignorance] period’s poets. 2. Theoretical Framework Among the studies conducted on the Arabic literature, [to the best of author’s knowledge] no research has been undertaken investigating Antarah’s Muallaqeh utilizing the same approach and methodology as the present paper. Similarly, within the domain of contrastive literature, no research has investigated the two poems from the perspective of their heroes’ pattern of journeys, contrasting their structures. Thus, the authors in the present study, in the light of mutual interactions, through presenting epic sings and re-reading heroic signs in both Antarah's poetry and Ferdowsi’s The Seven Labors of Rostam, will look into their commonalities apropos the hero’s journeys ( as proposed by Campbell's Monomyth); to this end, the authors try to depict that regardless of some points of divergence, literary works in Arabic and Persian, based on the pattern of hero’s journey propounded by Campbell, can be studied comparatively. 3. Research Method In the present study, texts and library documents were reviewed using a descriptive-analytical methodology. Content pertaining to the issue at was obtained from credible sources and formed the basis for the background of the study and its literature while serving as a yardstick for describing, analyzing and comparing the archetypal criticism of the two works' structure. The fundamental questions of the research, given that investigating with and adapting Campbell's structural pattern to the stories of various nations will undoubtedly yield similarities and differences in structural flow, are as follows: Considering the previously mentioned pattern, can Antarah’s poetry be regarded as an epic like Ferdowsi’s The Seven Labors of Rostam and does Antarah boast the sings of an epic hero like Rostam? Can points of convergence and divergence during the processes of heroes’ monomyths in the works of the two authors be traced using mythological criticism and archetypal fundamentals, based on the mentioned theory? To what degree can the pattern proposed by Campbell account for the entirety of the stages of heroes’ journey in this study? 4. Research Findings and Discussion The findings of the present research concerning comparative reading of heroes’ journeys in The Seven Labors of Rostam by Ferdowsi and Mu’allaqah by Antarah Ibn
