عامل سوم جزم: واقع شدن در جواب طلب

A Third Case for Jazm1: As Response to Demand

قرآن، معجزه جاويد و پديده شگفت تاريخي است كه مؤمنان به منشأ آن، كه قدرت بي‌پايان دارد، ترديد نكرده اند. به همين جهت در هر زمان و مكان به بررسي و پژوهش پيرامون آن مي پردازند. از طرف ديگر سال هاي زيادي است كه مسائل و قواعد نحوي، زبان به زبان نقل گشته و كتاب هاي نحوي قديم قواعدي را كشف و منتقل نموده اند. در ادبيات معاصر پژوهش هاي زيادي انجام شده و مسائل جديدي در ادبيات عربي بررسي شده است. اين در حالي است كه به چالش كشيدن موضوعات صرفي- نحوي در مقايسه با موضوعات ادبي بسيار كم بوده است. در اين مقاله برآنيم تا يكي از مسائل نحوي را در باب عوامل جزم فعل مضارع مورد بررسي و پژوهش قرار دهيم. در اين راستا مهم ترين منبع براي اثبات اين فرضيه آيات قرآن كريم خواهد بود.

1. Introduction In Arabic, words or letters that are considered to be Jazm particles affecting a present tense are divided into two general categories: Jazm particles affecting a single verb and those affecting two verbs. Abbas Hassan introduces particles such as Iza, Kayfa, lou,3 etc., which bear a conditional connotation, as a third factor for occurrence of Jazm (Al-nahv Al-wafi, 4th volume, page 331). However, other grammarians do not consider particles bearing a conditional connotation, which as can be understood from their title, guarantee a conditional connotation as Jazm particles and just mention them under either conditional category or as diacritics of verbs in the present tense. Following Jazm particle, conditional verb and response statements are mentioned which can be of the following categories: 1. Both the conditional verb and the response statement are in the past tense. 2. Both the conditional verb and the response statement are in the present tense. 3. Conditional verb is in the past and the response statement is in the present tense. 4. Conditional verb is in the present and the response statement is in the past tense.