نسبت عدالت و آزادي از نظر شهيد مطهري

The Relation Between Justice and Liberty in Shahid Motahhari’s Viewpoint

گفتمان مربوط به عدالت و آزادي و نسبت ميان اين دو مفهوم تاثيرگذار در زندگي اجتماعي بشر يكي از مباحث مهم و پر مناقشه در ادبيات سياسي و آموزه‌هاي متفكران سياسي به ويژه در دوره معاصر محسوب مي‌شود. نسبت ميان عدالت و آزادي در حوزه عمومي و چگونگي ايجاد توازن و تعادل معقول (Reasonable equilibrium) ميان دو حوزه مهم و در واقع دو نياز مبرم جامعه بشري براي رشد و بالندگي و تحديد يا عدم تحديد يكي به نفع ديگري با توجه به شرائط اجتماعي، اقتصادي و هنجاري جامعه در كانون مناقشات انديشه برانگيز متفكران برجسته علوم اجتماعي و اقتصادي قرار داشته است. در اين پژوهش تلاش شده با تبيين و تنقيح موضوع، اين سوال كه «از نظر شهيد مطهري چه نسبتي ميان عدالت و آزادي وجود دارد» روشن گردد. پر واضح است چنين پژوهشي راهگشاي مباحث تكميلي در حوزه علوم اجتماعي از منظر ديني و آموزه‌هاي شيعي مي‌تواند مورد توجه و مداقه واقع شود.

Ideas of Justice and freedom and relation between them are among the most significant and controversial debates in political literature and political thinker's doctrines. This subject has been taken focal place in debates of political scholars in contemporary epoch. How to relate between justice and freedom in public sphere and how to make reasonable balance and equilibrium between them, is the core of disputed and thoughtful political discussions. To restrict liberty in favor of justice or to set limits on justice for the more extensive freedom prevents full development of society. Some thinkers believe that the human values are in contradiction with each other, Therefore justice and freedom are inconsistent with each other. we should always restrict one of them in favor of the other. But some scholars think that human values are consistent, therefore justice and freedom are in congruence with each other. The research explains Shahid Motahhari's point of view about relation between justice and freedom. He is one of the most known and influential contemporary thinkers in Islamic world. The research uses critical analysis method including assessing results and implications of his view about justice and liberty. The conclusion of this research is that in Shahid Motahhari's point of view, there is not any contradiction or inconsistency between justice and liberty. It is not necessary to restrict justice in favor of liberty or to limit liberty to attain more justice. Desired society is a free and just society. Citizens of this society have both freedom and justice together, because justice is giving everybody his due, and liberty is consequence of the concept of right. By realizing justice, liberty is also realized. This research can contribute to understand complementary debates in social and political sciences from religious and Shiite doctrine's point of view