جهت‌گيري‌هاي كلان در سياست خارجي دولت‌هاي رانتير در ايران

Major Orientations in Foreign Policy of Rentier States in Iran

در نظريه ­هاي علوم سياسي و روابط بين­ الملل، دولت رانتير به دولتي اطلاق مي­شود كه تمام يا بخش اعظم درآمدهاي خود را از طريق منابع خارجي، فروش منابع زيرزميني و دريافت كمك از بيگانگان بدست مي­آورد. فرض اصلي ما در نگارش مقالۀ حاضر اين بود كه چنين دولت­هايي همانطور كه داراي سياست داخلي ويژه­اي هستند احتمالامي­ بايست داراي نوع خاصي از سياست خارجي باشند. بر همين اساس ايران را به عنوان نمونه از سال 1357 تاكنون به عنوان مورد تجربي برگزيديم و تمركز خود را بر روي نفت به عنوان مهمترين كالاي رانتي آن قرار داديم و با اين سوال كار خود را آغاز كرديم كه درآمدهاي حاصل از رانت نفت چه تاثيري بر سياست خارجي جمهوري اسلامي ايران داشته است؟در پاسخ به اين سؤال با استفاده از روش توصيفي- تحليلي با بررسي داده­ها موجود به اين امر دست يافتيم كه درآمدهاي رانتي حاصل از نفت عامل اصلي بين­المللي­گرايي و آرمان گرايي در سياست خارجي ايران بوده و آن را از انزواگرايي، اقتصادگرايي و واقع گرايي دور كرده است

Rent and “Rentier States” are interesting topics in different fields of the social sciences. In political and International relations theories a “Rentier State” refers to a government that gets all or most of its income from foreign sources, selling natural resources and foreign aids. In this paper our main assumption is that such governments as a special domestic politics are likely to have a special type of foreign policy. Furthermore, Iran has been chosen as an example of a rentier state by selling oil as the most important commodity since 1978. The main question of this paper is “How revenues from oil selling has affected the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran?”. The possible answer is “Rentier income from oil is the major factor of internationalism and Idealism in Iran's foreign policy and distanced this country from isolationism, economism and realism. In conclusion, by examining data from 1978 to 2013 the results show that along with rising oil revenues, the governments tend to internationalism and realism in their foreign policy orientations and depending on the character of Cabinet leaders in each period, gain international prestige by economic and cultural tools.