توسعه سيستم مشاركتي در حمل‌ونقل جاده اي براساس مدل زيرساخت داده مكاني داوطلبانه (VSDI)

Volunteered Spatial Data Infrastructure (VSDI) to Develop Collaboration System in Transportation

زيرساخت­ داده­ مكاني (SDI) با ايجاد بستر اطلاعاتي مناسب براي همكاري بين سازمان­هاي مختلف نقش كليدي در مديريت بسياري از فعاليت­هاي انساني دارد. اين زيرساخت به طورسنتي در نسل اول و دوم SDI كه تنها از داده ­هاي سازمان­ها و شركت­ها استفاده مي­كند، يك رويكرد بالا به پايين را دنبال مي­كند، ازاين‌رو اطلاعات توليدشده توسط شهروندان را در نظر نمي­گيرد. از سوي ديگر، پترالتفرم ­هاي وب 2.0 و دستگاه­هاي مجهز به GPS ابزارهاي كاربرپسندي را براي مشاركت مردم در به اشتراك گذري داد ه ­هاي مكاني فراهم مي­كنند. داده‍ هاي توليدشده توسط مردم كه VGI ناميده مي­شوند، اطلاعات باارزشي هستند كه مي­توانند به‌منظور تكميل و به‌روزرساني با ديگر منابع SDI تلفيق شوند. در اين زمينه، ديدگاه SDI كاربرمحور كه متمركز بر نيازها و اولويت كاربران است، از فرصت­هاي ايجادشده توسط VGI پشتيباني مي­كند. در اين مقاله سيستمي براساس استفاده از داده­هاي VGI به عنوان منبع ديگري از SDI كه VSDI ناميده شده است در حوزه حمل­ونقل جاده­اي پياده­سازي شده است. در حوزه حمل­ ونقل جاده ­اي به‌ويژه انتخاب مسير، تبادل حجم زيادي از داده­هاي­ مكاني، همكاري بين سازمان­هاي مختلف و همچنين مشاركت مردم در جهت دستيابي به پايداري، ضروري است. اما كمبود اطلاعات، به‌­روز نبودن اطلاعات يا نبود روشي يكسان در جمع ­آوري اطلاعات از مسائل فرهنگي و اجتماعي منطقه، معمولاً از بزرگ‌ترين موانع در به دست آوردن نتايج قابل­ اطمينان با توجه به واقعيت‌ها است. سيستم مبتني بر VSDI مي­تواند با فراهم ­كردن محيطي براي تسهيل مشاركت مردم، اطلاعات به‌روز از منطقه را براي تصميم­ گيري بهتر و كاراتر در اختيار تصميم ­گيران قرار دهد. نتايج اين تحقيق نشان مي­دهد كه مردم به مشاركت در امر برنامه ­ريزي حمل­ ونقل و به اشتراك­ گذاري اطلاعات مكاني تمايل دارند. از اين­رو، استفاده از داده­ هاي VGI به عنوان منبع ديگري در SDI مي­تواند به اخذ تصميمات كاراتر و افزايش سطح رضايت­مندي مردم در حوزه حمل­ونقل، كمك كند.

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) has key role in management of many human activities by building a suitable information infrastructure for collaboration and cooperation among different data producer organizations and private sectors. SDI traditionally follows top-down approach that that only use data of organizations and private sectors, so does not consider user generated contents. In other side, web 2.0 platforms and GPS equipped devices provide user friendly tools for collaboration people in producing and sharing spatial data recently. This approach has enabled people even with no knowledge in spatial science to produce and share spatial data. These data that called volunteered geographic Information (VGI) are valuable data that could be integrated with other resources of SDI to complete and update SDI resources. VGI describes any type of content that has a geographic element which has been voluntarily collected. In this regard, user-centric SDI approach (the third generation of the SDI) that concentrate on user needs and preferences, while in the past SDI initiatives had concentrated mainly on technological issues such as data harmonization, standardized metadata models, standardized web services for data discovery, visualization and download, supports opportunities of VGI as viable means of updating and enriching SDI. However, some components of SDI should develop to consider valuable VGI resources. In this paper, Volunteered spatial data infrastructure (VSDI) model is proposed. In this model, VGI is used as other resources of spatial information in SDI. In addition, a system is developed based on VSDI concepts in road transportation projects. Road transportation projects and specially route selection project need to transform huge spatial data. In the route planning for road transportation, best route selection process is carried out with consideration of environmental, social and economic effects and as well as supplying technical transportation criteria to access sustainability. This process gets into trouble without suitable programming for public participation in route transportation planning and coordination between different related organizations and private sectors to the project. In addition, lack of sufficient information, lack of updated information or lack of same way to gathering required information, usually is one of the biggest obstacles to obtain the results based on real world. This VSDI based system could give decision makers update information of region to get better decisions by providing collocation environment. Based on the concepts of VSDI model, the system is designed by using web 2.0 technologies that enabled user to produce and share spatial data as well as to express opinions. To select best route in this system, fuzzy group AHP and VIKOR decision making methods are used with environmental, socio-economic, tourist and technical route characteristic’s criteria. The results of the research show that people like to collaborate in transportation planning and to share spatial data. So the use of VGI as another resource of SDI helps to make better and more effective decisions and to increase people satisfaction. The achieved results of implementation indicate that the system has good performance and selected route in the system corresponds to determined route by consult engineering company.