خودتنظيمي فعاليت باند گاماي مغز از طريق نوروفيدبك و اثرات آن بر اتصال ويژگي ديداري در بانوان دانشجو سالم

Self-regulation of brain gamma band activity through neurofeedback and its effects on visual feature bindings in healthy female students

ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ و ﻫﺪف: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿـﺮ، ﮐـﺎرآﯾﯽ روش ﻧﻮروﻓﯿـﺪﺑﮏ در اﯾﺠـﺎد ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺧﻮدﺗﻨﻈﯿﻤﯽ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻧﻮرون ﻫﺎي ﻣﻐﺰ در ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺑﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﮐﺎﻧﺴﯽ ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﯽ (ﺗﺘـﺎ، آﻟﻔـﺎ، ﺑﺘـﺎ)، و اﺛـﺮات رﻓﺘـﺎري و ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮدي ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از آن را در اﻓﺮاد ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، اﺛﺮ ﻧﻮروﻓﯿﺪﺑﮏ ﺑﺮ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ارادي ﺗـﻮان ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ و اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ آن ﺑﺮ ﺳﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎي رﻓﺘﺎري اﺗﺼﺎل وﯾﮋﮔﯽ دﯾﺪاري در اﻓﺮاد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از دو ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل، ﻫﺮ ﮐـﺪام ﻣﺘﺸﮑﻞ از 8 ﻧﻔـﺮ ﺧـﺎﻧﻢ داﻧﺸـﺠﻮ ﺳـﺎﻟﻢ (اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ) اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. 8 ﺟﻠﺴﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻧﻮروﻓﯿﺪﺑﮏ ﺑﻬﺴﺎزي ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ (36-44 ﻫﺮﺗﺰ) و ﻣﻬﺎر ﻫﻢ زﻣﺎن ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺑﺘﺎ (12-20) ﻫﺮﺗﺰ در ﮐﺎﻧﺎل Oz، ﺑﺮاي ﮔﺮوه آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻐﯿﯿـﺮات ﺗـﻮان ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ﺳﯿﮕﻨﺎل اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻣﻐﺰﻧﮕﺎره و ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮد اﺗﺼﺎل وﯾﮋﮔﯽ دﯾﺪاري دو ﮔﺮوه در ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﻧﻮروﻓﯿﺪﺑﮏ و ﭘـﯿﺶ و ﭘـﺲ از آن، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آزﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ، آﻣﻮزش ﻧﻮروﻓﯿﺪﺑﮏ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ در ﻃﯽ ﺟﻠﺴﺎت و ﺣﯿﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿـﺖ ﭘﺎﯾـﻪ ي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ در ﻣﻐﺰ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ، از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ زﻣﺎن واﮐﻨﺶ در اﻓﺮاد، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد ﻋﻤـﻞ ﮐـﺮد اﺗﺼﺎل وﯾﮋﮔﯽ دﯾﺪاري ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: اﯾﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﮐﺎرآﯾﯽ روش ﻧﻮروﻓﯿﺪﺑﮏ را در اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻧـﻮرون ﻫـﺎي ﻣﻐـﺰي و ﺑﻬﺒـﻮد ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ادراك و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ در اﻓﺮاد ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ.

Introduction: Previous studies have shown the application of neurofeedback method in the self-regulation of brain neurons activity in some middle frequency bands (such as Theta, Beta and Alpha) and its behavioral and functional effects on tested subjects. In this study, the neurofeedback efficacy upon voluntary control of gamma band power and its results on behavioral measures of visual feature binding of subjects are discussed. Materials and Methods: Two experimental and control groups, each containing eight healthy female students, were chosen at random. For the experimental group, eight Gamma-enhancing neurofeedback sessions aiming at Gamma band power (36-44 Hz) enhancement and simultaneously beta band power (12- 20 Hz) inhibition in Oz channel were taken. EEG gamma band power changes and visual feature binding performance in the neurofeedback, and also the pre and post neurofeedback, sessions were assessed using statistical tests. Results: Referring to the acquired results, neurofeedback training yielded to increase Gamma band power during both training sessions and the cognitive task. Likewise, gamma band power raise led to the improvement of the visual feature bindings through decreasing subjects’ reaction times. Conclusion: These consequences clarify the employment of neurofeedback method in the foundation of the brain neurons self-regulatory skills and the enhancement of perception and cognition processes in human beings.