نقش نظام وفا در جنبش مشروطۀ ايران و رخدادهاي كاشان

The Role of Nizām Vafā in the Iranian Constitutional Movement and Kashan Events

نظام وفا آراني يكي از فعالان جنبش مشروطۀ ايران است كه علاوه بر حضور فعال در اين عرصه، در آثار و اشعار خود بسياري از مشاهدات خود از وقايع مشروطه، به‌ويژه وقايع مربوط به كاشان را منعكس كرده است. وي كودكي خود را در آران گذراند و از نوجواني براي ادامۀ تحصيل به كاشان آمد. 18 سال سن داشت كه به تشويق علي نراقي از مبارزان مشروطۀ كاشان به جمع فعالان مشروطه و «انجمن تشويق» كه هستۀ اوليۀ جنبش در كاشان بود، پيوست و در كنار مبارزان مشروطه هم با قواي استبداد و هم با ياغيگري نايب حسين كاشي و دارودسته‌اش مبارزه كرد. وي جزو محصلان اولين مدرسه به سبك جديد به نام مدرسه علميه بود كه مشروطه‌خواهان كاشان داير كردند. پس از آن به تهران آمد و از فعالان نهضت در تهران بود؛ چنان‌كه تا آخرين گلوله از مجلس مشروطه دفاع كرد و پس از اينكه مجلس به توپ بسته شد، به همراه ديگر مدافعان و رهبران مشروطه در زندان باغ شاه گرفتار آمد. پس از خلاصي از زندان، مدتي براي تحصيل علوم مختلف به نجف و عتبات عراق رفت. پس از بازگشت در واقعۀ جنگ جهاني اول و هجوم روس‌ها عهده‌دار رياست دفتر كل حكومتي كاشان و ادارۀ قشون بود، با اشغال شهر توسط روس‌ها و قزاق‌ها از راه درياچۀ نمك به تهران گريخت. پس از آن، وي بيشتر به شغل معلمي و تعليم و تربيت روي آورد و تا پايان عمر به شاعري و نويسندگي ادامه داد. گزارشات وي از جنبش مشروطه جالب و در برخي مواقع منحصربه‌فرد است. در اين مقاله، ضمن پرداختن به نقش وي در جنبش مشروطه و تبيين گزارشات وي از اين جنبش، ابهاماتي نيز كه دربارۀ مقاطع فعاليت‌هاي سياسي اش وجود دارد رفع شده است.

Nizām Vafā Arani was one of the Iranian Constitutional Movement activists who has reflected his observations of Constitutional Movement events, especially events related to Kashan, in his works and poems. He spent his childhood in Aran and then came to study in Kashan in his adolescence. He was 18 when he, encouraged by Ali Naraqi who was a constitutional activist in Kashan, joined other constitutional activists in “Tashviq Association” which was the basic core of the movement in Kashan. Along with the Constitutional Movement activists, Nizām fought with the forces of tyranny and rebellion as well as the notorious rogue, Naib Hossein Kashi and his entourage. He was among the earliest students in Hawza Elmiyya (where Shi’a Muslim clerics are trained) which was established by constitutionalists of Kashan. Then he came to Tehran and became a member of the Movement in Tehran and defended the Constitutional Assembly to the last bullet. After the Constitutional Assembly was shot by cannon balls, Nizām along with other advocates and leaders of Constitutional Movement were incarcerated in Baghe Shah (King’s Garden) prison. After being discharged from the prison, Nizām went to Najaf to study various courses in science. Returning from Iraq, at the time of the First World War, he became responsible for the Office of Government and was appointed as the head of Army Department in Kashan during the invasion of the Soviet :union:. When the city was occupied by the Russians and Cossacks, Nizām fled to Tehran through the Salt Lake. After that, he turned to teaching and education and continued his life of poetry and writing by the end of his life. His accounts of the Constitutional Movement are interesting and unique. This paper discusses his role in the Constitutional Movement and explains his accounts of this Movement, clearing up the doubts about his political activity levels.