نفت، كيفيت زندگي و توسعه در ايران

Oil,quality of life and development in Iran

اين مقاله كوشيده است سهم ثروت طبيعي نفت و درآمدهاي حاصل از آن را بر كيفيت زندگي مردم ايران در طي سال‌هاي 1390 – 1350 شمسي به روش تاريخي اسنادي بررسي نمايد. در رويكرد نهادگرايي دولت به عنوان نهاد مهم اثرگذار بر فرآيند توسعه مطرح مي‌شود. تأثير اين نهاد به عنوان مالك انحصاري درآمد نفت بر اساس رويكرد "ساختاربندي انتخاب" بررسي خواهد شد. براي تأثير پذيري حوزه اجتماع نيز از مدل كيفيت زندگي به مثابه شاخص توسعه اجتماعي استفاده شده است. اين مفهوم با لحاظ كردن ابعاد جامع‌تر، اهميت تحليل رشد پايدار و برابر در طيف گسترده‌اي از مؤلفه‌ها را براي بهبود كيفيت زندگي به جاي رشد كمّي شاخص‌هاي معيشتي رفاه نشان مي‌دهد. مشخصه سياست‌هاي اجتماعي دولت ايران طي سال‌هاي1390-1350، به رغم تغيير رژيم و دولت‌ها، شامل شتابزدگي و عدم فرصت براي اصلاحات نهادي، بي‌توجهي به بستر بومي، تك سويه بودن، و بي‌توجهي به پايداري است. اين مسئله نشان از حك شدن مسائلي در ساختارهاي ايران دارد كه به طور پيوسته مشكلات را در همه حوزها از جمله حوزه رفاه و كيفيت زندگي باز توليد مي‌كند.

This study is considered the effect of Iran Oil revenues on people life quality during years 1971-2007 based on documented historical. It also examines the effect of government on development process by using oil development theories. Approach "structurative of choice" has been selected as a chosen framework. This approach in a general framework of institutionalized has taken attention in to culture, history and society aspects. Life quality model as an index for social development has been used for effect of society. Four mean components of this model include: safety, make power, correlation and social mixture. This concept contains Two elements of stability and equality. After explanation of economical and political conditions of governments [oil revenues status], indexes quantitative analysis of life quality and their proportion to prosperity and oil stagnancy in development process has been examined. Findings show that Four features have been created in Iran policies after and before revolution. Hurry and lack of opportunity for fundamental reforms, inattention to native structure, unilateralism and inattention to stability. This shows some issues in Iran structures is hidden that reproduces problems in all fields like welfare and life quality field. This effect on life quality and people welfare has been reflexd as follows: some indexes of these fields particularly in civil and physical affairs has benefited from oil revenues. But some indexes has damaged except for slump periods in time of prosperity. While civil and political rights are considered in life quality structure, there are no positive changes in indexes.