كليدواژه :
اسكان موقت , مخاطرات محيطي , مديريت بحران , منطق فازي , پيرانشهر
چكيده فارسي :
اصولاً مخاطرات محيطي سالانه خسارات مالي و جاني فراواني به همراه مي‌آورد و يكي از ضروري‌ترين اقدامات در اين زمينه، به‌كارگيري اصول مديريت بحران است. اولين و مهم‌ترين نياز اساسي آسيب ديدگان ناشي از مخاطرات محيطي داشتن يك سرپناه مي‌باشد و در واقع اسكان موقت ازجمله اقدامات مهم مديريت بحران است. بدين منظور در اين پژوهش به مكان‌يابي بهينه پايگاه‌هاي اسكان موقت شهر پيرانشهر با استفاده از الگوريتم فازي و مدل ANP پرداخته‌شده است. اطلاعات مورد نياز از طريق نتايج سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن سال1390، طرح‌هاي جامع و تفصيلي شهر و ساير يافته‌هاي مرتبط با موضوع اخذ گرديده است. به‌منظور تحليل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزارهاي AUTO CAD، ARC GIS، Super Decisions، IDRISI استفاده شده است. پس از تعيين معيارهاي مؤثر در امر مكان‌يابي اسكان موقت به تهيه لايه‌ها و نقشه‌هاي مختلف شامل ده لايه تراكم جمعيت، هم‌جواري كاربري‌ها، آسيب‌پذيري، دسترسي به راه، مراكز درماني، مراكز آموزشي، مراكز انتظامي، فضاي سبز، اراضي باير و ايستگاه‌هاي آتش‌نشاني اقدام شد. سپس نقشه مكان‌هاي مناسب جهت اسكان موقت تهيه و با تلفيق اين لايه‌ها به ارائه نقشه نهايي تدقيق شده مكان‌يابي بهينه پايگاه‌هاي اسكان موقت در پيرانشهر اقدام شد. نتايج حاصل از تحليل يافته‌ها بيانگر آن است كه در مجموع 17 هكتار از اراضي شهري متشكل از 4 پارك، 7 مدرسه و چند قطعه زمين باير به‌عنوان بهترين مكان‌ها و با سازگاري بسيار بالا به‌عنوان پايگاه‌هاي اسكان موقت قابل‌برنامه‌ريزي هستند.
چكيده لاتين :
. Introduction The earthquake is a disaster which always threatens our country due to specific geographical conditions. According to official statistics, in the past 25 years, 6% of country’s casualties had been due to the earthquake. On average every ten years an earthquake of magnitude 7 on the Richter scale occurs in the country (Givechi and coworkers 2013:102). Temporary accommodation is as an essential step in the management of the crisis after the event (Zargar, 1990). The aim of this study is to locate suitable places to build temporary accommodation camps in the aftermath of natural disasters in Piranshahr. Due to this fact, this article seeks to find answers of these questions, because it is not predicted space in this existing condition, in the environmental disasters can the city meet and accommodate victims? and in consideration of open spaces as places of temporary accommodation, is transmittance of these spaces in the city optimized and balanced, and can it answer and accommodate the injured accommodation? 2. Study Area Piranshahr is located in the southwest of the west Azarbayjan’s province and in the border of Iraq and Iran. This city with an area of about 4844 acres is widespread in a vast plain that is 1430 to 1460 meters above sea level. Piranshahr is limited to Oshnavie and Naqadeh from north, and to Sardasht from south, and also from east it is limited to Mahabad. According to the census of 2011, population of Piranshahr had been 72,722. 3. Material and Methods The method of this study is descriptive-analytic. Available data is analyzed by using these software, IDRISI, Super Decisions, ARCGIS, AUTO CAD, and FUZZY, ANP models. Finally, after determining affective measures to find temporary housing locations and providing different maps and layers, the final plan for the construction of temporary accommodation provision has been suggested. 4. Results and Discussion After analyzing affective factors and determining required locative and descriptive information, criteria to locate suitable sites of temporary accommodation were provided, which includes ten layers of population density, proximity applications, vulnerabilities, access to roads, health centers, education centers, security centers, green areas, arid lands and fire stations. At the end to perform the operations of finding location and leading to suitable areas to locate temporary accommodation, the standard maps of previous stages were transferred to GIS software and final maps of the previous stages are combined using and logic, then the final map prepared for locating. 5. Conclusion The result showed that the areas of the city with compatible applications and also with enough and open spaces to establishment of victims are suitable, therefore, the east part of the city due to its old context, high vulnerability and population density for this project, is in priority. and the northern part of the city due to the population density and the presence of open spaces and convenient access has high capability to accommodate victims there. 11 suggested places are considered for this project which among them green areas, arid lands and schools have the most points for temporary accommodation, therefore, 4 parks in the city with a total area of 2.6 hectares, and 7 schools to create 3 camps with 6.4 acres and ultimately 3.6 hectares of arid lands are considered as a priority areas in this plan
