بررسي نقش و جايگاه صنعتگران خراسان و ماوراءالنهر در عهد تيموريان

. Investigation the Role and Position of Craftsmen of Khorasan and Transoxiana during the Timurid Period

گروه صنعتگران خراسان و ماوراءالنهر در عهد تيموريان، پيرو رونق اقتصادي و سياست حمايت­ هاي اميران تيموري، موقعيت گزيده­اي در جامعه يافتند. مقاله اين پرسش اساسي را مورد توجه قرار مي دهد كه سياست ­هاي تيمور و جانشينانش چه تأثيري بر جايگاه اجتماعي گروه صنعتگران در خراسان و ماوراءالنهر و به تبع آن بر وضعيت صنعت در اين نواحي داشته است؟ در اثر شرايط و امكانات منطقه و حمايت حكومت گروه صنعتگران در خراسان و ماورالنهر بازساماندهي شدند و ساختار يافتند. در اين پژوهش بررسي اين فرآيند و بررسي نقش اجتماعي-اقتصادي گروه مذكور در ارتباط با حكومت تيموريان مد نظر قرار دارد. با روش توصيفي-تحليلي و گردآوري اعم گزارشهاي مربوط به دوره زماني ظهور تيمور تا پايان حكمراني بايقرا، احياء گروه صنعتگران و جايگاه آنان در اجتماع به مثابه يك مسأله اجتماعي مورد تحليل قرار گرفت.

The Craftsmen' group of Khorasan and Transoxiana were part of the Timurid community. Following the economic boom affected by the support of Timurid Rulers, the Craftsmen group also regained their status in the community. The article addresses this fundamental question of how the policies of Timur and his successors influenced the social status of the Craftsmen group in Khorasan and Transoxiana and, consequently, the state of the crafts in these areas? The attention of the Crafts to Timurid Rulers view, led to the revival of the so-called Craftsmen group in Khorasan and Transoxiana. The region's rich mines and the growth of several major cities in these areas were a series of factors affecting the industrial boom in Khorasan and Transoxiana. Under these conditions, an independent social group, called craftsmen, was formed in Khorasan and Transoxiana, which had a structure and a boss, and the Timurid authorities considered the laws and regulations for their coherence and regulation of affairs. The achievements of the present paper can be seen in reaching out to the fields and how to revive the Craftsmen group, as well as the study of the socioeconomic role of the group in relation to the Timurid rule. Through the descriptive-analytical method and compilation, including reports on the timeline of the emergence of Timur, until the end of the reign of Bayqara, the revival of the Craftsmen group and their position in the community as a social issue were analyzed.