جنگ رسانه در بحران اكراين: چارچوب سازيِ تحولات سياسي اكراين و كريمه (2013-2015) در شبكه هاي خبري سي ان ان (CNN) و راشاتودي (RT)

A Comparative Study of News Framing by the CNN and RT during Ukrain and Crimean Crisis (2013-2015)

كشور اكراين از اواخر سال 2013 ميلادي تاكنون صحنه اتفاقات و تحولات سياسي-اجتماعي گوناگوني بوده است. در كنار ابعاد مختلف و ريشه هاي بحران اكراين، نقش و تاثير رسانه هاي خبري گوناگون در تحولات اين كشور از جهت شكل دهي به افكار عمومي و نيز چارچوب سازي رويدادها غيرقابل انكار است. دو شبكه خبري سي ان ان (شبكه خبري آمريكا) و راشا تودي (شبكه خبري روسيه) از جمله مهمترين اين شبكه ها محسوب مي شوند كه در طول شكل گيري و در جريان تحولات سياسي-اجتماعي اكراين سعي در چارچوب سازي و هدايت افكار عمومي مخاطبان خود در جهت سياست هاي راهبردي خود داشته اند. مهمترين يافته تحقيق حاضر آن است كه شبكه خبري سي ان ان مسكو را مسبب اصلي بحران اكراين قلمداد كرده و تحولات اكراين و كريمه را انقلاب مردمي و دمكراتيك دانسته و همه پرسي شبه جزيره كريمه و الحاق آن به كشور روسيه را به مثابه اشغال آن توسط مسكو و شبكه خبري راشا تودي آن را نوعي شورش تحريك شده از سوي غرب، الحاق كريمه به روسيه را دمكراتيك و نقش روسيه را بيطرفانه بازنمود كرده است. اين پژوهش بر اساس روش تحليل محتواي كيفي از نوع جهت دار بر روي متون منتشره دو رسانه سي ان ان و راشاتودي در سال 2014 در قبال بحران اكراين و بر اساس معيار دوگانه سازي گفتماني انجام گرفته است

Since late 2013, Ukrain has been the scene of various social-political events and developments. The Spark of crisis has started when Victor Yanakvych, the incumbent president refused signing a trade agreement with the EU. It provoked many people to oppose the decision by striking in Kiev’s Independence Square. These developments in the short term led to the emergence of a pro-Western government in Kiev, the separation of the Crimea and East regions from Ukraine. Aside the different aspects and origins of the crisis in Ukraine, the role and influence of the news media in shaping public opinion and directing the events are undeniable. The Cable News Network (CNN) and RT (Russia Today) along their strategic policies have framed the Ukrainian crisis in special directions. The main question of this paper is that how the satellite news networks of CNN and RT has framed the Ukrainian crisis. The hypotheses of this paper are: 1. The CNN has framed the Independence Square protests (Maidan Revolution) as well as overthrowing Viktor Yanukovych Government as popular and pro-democratic revolution. It also framed the referendum and annexation of the Crimean peninsula to Russia as aggression and occupation. But RT has framed the popular protest as Westen –provoked ilegal munity and the Crimian annexation as along democracy and International Law. The methodology of this paper based on descriptive-analysis research using content analysis. The data collection is carried out according to library resources and the Internet.