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Criteria of Site Selection for Irrigation by Wastewater Effluent

Municipal wastewaters are the most generally available source of wastewater that have been longly used specially for agricultural irrigation (sewage farms) in order to conserve fresh water. Although this practice often costs less than other forms of water reuse because it requires less additional treatment processes but it may cause excess risks when environmental considerations are not taken into account. In other words, agricultural reuse may degrade the quality of soil and water if required considerations not applied. Therefore, a sound program for selection of suitable site is extremely important. In this regard, the more important factors that are now essential to consider are as follow: Proposed or existing land use, site features including topography, proximity to water bodies, level of groundwater, soil permeability, vegetation, public access and proximity to dwellings. Furthermore, water balance for the site, storage requirements, nutrient balance assessment for the site and installation and maintenance requirements for such systems are another important factors required to be considered. A brief discussion of each are present in the paper.