چكيده فارسي :
مطالعه ي حاضر به بررسي جملاتي مي‌پردازد كه در آنها از افعال حركتي استفاده شده است. تشخيص گذرايي براي زبان‌آموزان آنجا اهميت مي‌يابد كه بايد سازه ي مفعولي را تشخيص داده و پس از آن حرف نشانه‌ي "را" بگذارند و تشخيص دهند كه آيا با ساختي كه روبرو هستند قابليت مجهول‌پذيري دارد يا خير. از آنجا كه زبان‌آموزان شم زباني فارسي‌زبانان را ندارند، بنابراين گاهي تشخيص گذرايي مسئله‌اي دشوار در تدريس و يادگيري مي‌نمايد. همچنين مفهوم‌سازي فعل‌هاي حركتي براي زبان‌آموزان دشوار است. از اين رو، در پژوهش حاضر سعي شد، پس از طبقه‌بندي فعل‌هاي حركتي، مشخصات گذرايي نيز در كنار آنها عاملي براي پيش‌بيني در نظر گرفته شود. شركت‌كنندگان در اين پژوهش 24 زبان‌آموز سطح پنجم كالج بين‌الملل دانشگاه علوم پزشكي تهران بودند كه در دو گروه 12 نفري بررسي شدند. گروه اول، به عنوان گروه آزمون در نظر گرفته شد و بنا بر شناخت و استفاده از مفاهيم نظري تالمي (Talmy, 2000) تحت آموزش قرار گرفتند. در حالي كه براي گروه دوم، يا گروه شاهد، آموزش از طريق روش مشخصي انجام نگرفته است. در نهايت، ميزان بررسي كلي مدرس و آزمون كتبي نيز نشان داد كه گروه آزمون درك بهتري در تشخيص فعل‌هاي جديد دارند.
چكيده لاتين :
The present study explored the notion of teaching transitivity of motion verbs.
Recognition of transitivity is very important for Persian language learners. The
importance of this structure in Persian is related to its use. On the one hand, the
learners can guess whether they can use direct object and its marker (rā) or not,
on the other hand, they can decide about using passive structure. Since the
learners do not have native speaker intuitions about Persian grammar, recognition
of transitivity is a difficult subject for them. Motion events involve situations
encompassing movement or the maintenance of a stationary location. According
to Talmy (2000), the basic motion event consists of one object (the ‘Figure’)
moving or located with respect to another object (the reference-object or
‘Ground’). Besides these two components, its semantic structure has two internal
components, i.e. ‘Path’ and ‘Motion’. The ‘Path’ is the course followed or the
site occupied by the Figure object with respect to the Ground object, and the
‘Motion’ refers to the presence in the event of motion or location. Considering only the dynamic motion event (MOVE) and leaving the result of a motion (BE
Loc) aside, we deal with the linking of semantic and syntactic properties.
Following Talmy (2000), Persian language motion verbs are classified in fifteen
groups, and one schematic representation was considered for each of them. In
this study referential verbs describe a motion event only when their object
denotes a location-type entity.
After classifying Persian verbs into transitive and intransitive verbs, there is a
semantic analysis based on their figure and grounds. All the subjects in intransitive structures are figures and the figures experience change in their location or move from a source to a goal. While, in transitive motion events, verbs are classified in three types; referential, relational, or causative. There is distinction between two types of linguistically defined entities: an object vs. a location. A location refers to a stable spatial fragment within a given frame of reference. An object refers to a material entity, not necessarily stable, within a frame of reference.
Moreover, relational verbs such as ‘cross’, ‘pass’, and ‘climb’ do not implement any selectional limitations on the object/location alternation. They describe a motive relation between two implicit regions first defined in relation to each other. The semantic role considered as prototypical for the direct object is the Patient. and transitive structure followed this structure: NP1 Vtrans NP2. It means that all transitive structures in Persian language should apply one noun phrase as their direct objects and prototypically it is the patient of the verb.
24 participants of the study were in the fifth level of the International College of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and were assigned to two equal sized groups. The first group was considered the experimental group. After classification of motion verbs, the transitivity characteristics should also be considered as a factor for prediction.
The results revealed that the experimental group had a better understanding of the transitivity of motion verbs in Persian Language. Based on the results of the present study which involved two groups of L2learners who underwent 16trainingsessions,it was found that the experimental group had a better understanding of motion verbs and its members better understood the meaning of new verbs.
Keywords: motion verbs; transitivity; teaching Persian to non-native
