كليدواژه :
شبكه معابر شهري , آسيب پذيري , شبكه هندسي , پايگاه داده زمين مرجع , مديريت بحران , GIS
چكيده فارسي :
شبكه معابر شهري يكي از اركان عمده شهرها هستند كه مي توانند در مديريت بحران هاي شهري، قبل و بعد از بحرانها، عمليات امداد و نجات، جابجايي و تخليه آسيب ديدگان نقش بسزايي داشته باشند. بنابراين ارزيابي توان شبكه معابر شهري و برنامه ريزي براي كاهش آسيب هاي احتمالي امري ضروري به نظر ميرسد. اين تحقيق با هدف ارزيابي شبكه معابر شهري در برابر بحران ها، در منطقه 1 شهركرمان با رويكرد زلزله انجام گرفته است. شهركرمان بدليل موقعيت جغرافيايي خود و دارا بودن بافت قديمي در برابر زلزله آسيب پذير ميباشد. بنابراين اين پژوهش سعي دارد با بررسي ميداني، فرايند توانمند سازي شبكه معابر شهري را جهت مديريت بحران با استفاده از سيستم هاي اطلاعات مكاني ارزيابي نمايد. براي اين منظور ابتدا آسيب پذيري شبكه معابر بررسي گرديد. پارامترهايي كه براي ارزيابي شبكه معابر منطقه1 شهر كرمان در نظر گرفته شدند پارامترهايي بودند كه هنگام بحران در آسيب پذيري و تخريب معابر مي توانند نقش داشته باشند. اين پارامترها عبارتند از شاخصهاي همجواري معابر با تأسيسات زيربنايي آسيب پذير، ويژگي هاي ساختماني (قدمت ساختمان ها، تعداد طبقات يا ارتفاع ساختمان و نوع كاربري ساختمان ها) و شاخص هاي مربوط به معابر (شيب، طول، عرض، تعداد تقاطع ها، وجود پل و غيره). هر كدام از اين شاخص ها بر اساس روش AHP وزندهي و سپس در محيط GIS مدلسازي و در نهايت با بكاربردن توابع تحليلي، نقشه آسيب پذيري معابر منطقه مورد مطالعه تهيه گرديد. پس از تعيين آسيب پذيري شبكه معابر، براي خدمات رساني و تخليه سريعتر آسيب ديدگان در زمان و يا بعد از بحران، يك پايگاه داده زمين مرجع براي راههاي شهري طراحي گرديد. در نهايت شبكه هندسي معابرمنطقه 1 شهر كرمان ايجاد گرديد. نتايج نهايي حاكي از اين است كه، آسيب پذيري شبكه معابر محدودهي مورد مطالعه (جز در نواحي نوساز)، بيشتر از حد متوسط، و عمدتاً زياد است. آسيب پذيري شبكه معابر در ناحيه 5 و 1 منطقه مورد مطالعه بيشتر به چشم مي خورد كه در برنامه ريزي ها بايد در اولويت قرارگيرند.
چكيده لاتين :
On account of assessing the intensity and rating of risky urban areas, it is essential to provide vulnerability mapping and location data in connection with land use, population, roads, municipal facilities. One of public spaces, services and strategic location in the city are streets and public ways that must be properly designed and planned. Vulnerability of public ways in a town effectively increase the vulnerability of it. In the phase of returning city to normal situation, communication network has an essential role in the travel and transportation between the residence and workhouse, Transportation of cargo and accelerating the normalization of activities. A crisis management strategies to deal with the damage caused by natural disasters in cities is consideration of transportation network. Hence, this study evaluates the vulnerability of the communication network against earthquake, in zone 1 of Kerman. After that by designing the geometric network of the roads and Considering the vulnerability of each roads, the best roads is determined to rescue victims of the crisis via analysis of geometric network of the roads in the environment of geographic information system or GIS.
The purpose of this study is identification and separation of affecting factors on vulnerability urban streets and quantify the effect of each factor on the level of roads vulnerability. In this research, the ratio of vulnerability in the format of urbanism criteria is evaluated according to previous studies and a list of vulnerable elements of urban communication network is provided. Then the final list is completed and developed by using the Delphi method. Delphi method is used with survey of familiar experts with the issue. Based on the list of vulnerable elements in the format of three main criteria (Table 1) were prepared and after binary comparison with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and by using software Expert Choice, The importance (Weight) of each criterion were determined and map of vulnerable roads of study area in GIS environment were prepared by overlapping the (geometric mean) vulnerable layers. Finally, with designing of geometric network of urban streets vulnerability of them in Kerman during and after the crisis occurrence were obtained in communication network analysis to rescue and to transfer victims.
The results showed that according to the old texture Area 5 of Region 1 Kerman and low indexes of urbanization in the area, poor condition of buildings in terms of quality and date of their construction, high density constructions and residential buildings, the vulnerability of the network in the area is high. The map also indicates, due to high density building and being too vulnerable infrastructure in the area, vulnerability is about 90 percent of the ways in zone 1. As well as vulnerabilities is more in old parts and less width roads and ways. On the contrary, in regions 2,3 and 4 on account the relatively new buildings and more appropriate urban indicators, wider roads network and relatively more open spaces, the streets network has less than 35 per cent vulnerability. This highlights implies the need to revise laws and regulations to determine the density and maximum building height (by taking the width of the adjacent street) and the need to emphasis on the quality of urban construction than ever before. Determining the relative importance (weight) criteria by AHP hierarchical process showed that proximity to vulnerable equipment, such as a gas station or gas plant and the width of roads and ways have utmost importance. Criteria Slope and curvature streets and kind of using of buildings and the number of crossing roads and ways have the least important factors to determine the level of roads vulnerability. It can be concluded that the vulnerability of urban roads and paths in approach of earthquake disaster, do not caused by a particular vulnerability criteria but the outcome of the factors and criteria that together provide vulnerability analysis paths.
