كليدواژه :
اديان ايراني , بوديسم مهايانه , بوديستوه , شمايلنگاري يوناني , هندوئيسم
چكيده فارسي :
به زعم برخي از دينشناسان، صورتبندي نظاممند الاهيّات مهايانه عمدتاً مرهون بسط فلسفيعرفاني آموزههاي بوديسم سنّتي (تهراواده) است. با وجود اين، تأثر از اديان و فرهنگهاي غيربودايي و سازگاري با فرهنگها و سنتهاي ديني بومي نيز در آن نقش بسزايي داشته اند. پژوهش حاضر به روش توصيفي تحليلي در پي تبيين مشابهتها و تأثير فرهنگهاي غيربودايي بر انتظام ديني مهايانه است و يافته هاي آن نشان ميدهد كه تأثير هندوئيسم بر بوديسم نهتنها در زمينۀ كيهانشناسي و مجموعۀ معبودهاي مهايانهاي، بلكه در مناسك و ادبيات مهايانه نيز ديده ميشود. فرهنگ ايراني عمدتاً بر بوداشناسي، نجاتشناسي و خلق معبودهاي شخصيِ مهايانه تأثير داشته و ظاهراً اثربخشي فرهنگ يوناني مخصوصاً در زمينۀ هنر قدسي و شمايلنگاري است. انعطافپذيري مهايانه در مواجهه با اديان خاور دور نيز عمدتاً در زمينۀ يزدانشناسي مهايانه قابل تفحّص است.
چكيده لاتين :
Comparing to other Buddhist sects, Mahayana Buddhism is of more religious cohesion, and its integration has an important role in its inner cohesion and development to other cultures. Having such qualities as religious tolerance, flexibility and explicable teachings have had outstanding role on its propagation. Some of scholars believe that systematic formulation of Mahayana’s theology is due to philosophical and mystical dissemination of traditional Buddhism (Theravada), having impressed by non-Buddhist religions and cultures, and harmony with aboriginal cultures and religious traditions. Hinduism’s effects on Buddhism is observable not only in cosmology and Mahayana gods, but also in its rituals and literature. Iranian culture has affected Buddhism mainly on Buddha-ology, soteriology and creation of personal gods of Mahayana (bodhisattva) and it seems that Greek culture has inspired sacred art and iconography. The main purpose of this survey, which has been done through descriptive-analytical method, is identification and explanation of the effects of non-Buddhist cultures on Mahayana Buddhism’s religious cohesion; and it, based on the presupposition of outstanding religious scholars, refers to some evidence of the influences of Hindu, Iranian, Greek, Christianity and Islamic religious cultures on Mahayana construction as a religious system.