مناسبات حكومت شوروي با مسلمانان ساكن روسيه در دهه اول انقلاب بلشويكي (از 1917 تا 1927)

The Soviet Government’s Relationships with the Muslims Living in Russia during the First Decade of the Bolshevik Revolution (1917-1927AD)

رهبران انقلاب بلشويكي در روسيه با محوريت لنين انديشه هاي سوسياليستي را مطرح مي كردند و در انديشه آنان دين مانع رشد جامعه بود. اين در حالي است كه تقريبا يك ششم جامعه روسيه در اوايل انقلاب را مسلمانان تشكيل مي دادند كه مظاهر فرهنگ اسلامي در تمام ابعاد زندگي آنها آشكار بود، پرسش اساسي در اين زمينه اين است كه بلشويكها در سالهاي نخست انقلاب چطور توانستند مسلمانان را تحت تاثير خود قرار داده و انديشه هاي كمونيستي را در ميان آنان رواج دهند؟ بررسي سياست حكومت شوروي نسبت به مسلمانان در اوايل انقلاب بلشويكي با تكيه بر اسناد و آثار محققان روسي نشان مي دهد كه بلشويكها موفق شدند با اتخاذ سياست هاي رواداري در اوايل انقلاب در حوزه فرهنگ، آموزش و... جامعه مسلمانان را به سوي خود متمايل نموده و ايدئولوژي كمونيستي را در ميان آنها رواج دهند و البته پس از تثبيت حكومت خود روش متفاوتي را در پيش گرفتند.

Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in 1917 was one the great incidents of history that brought along a new ideology and entered it into political scene of the world. The leaders of this revolution centered on Lenin, put forward socialistic thoughts and they believed that religion prevented the development of society. Meanwhile, in the early years of Bolshevik revolution, one-six of the community was made up of Muslims and in daily life, they observed Islamic customs and manifestations of Islamic culture were evident in all aspects of their lives. The main issue in this article is that how the Bolsheviks influenced Muslims during early years of revolution and spread Communist thoughts among them. In this paper, we are going to study the course of the policy of Soviet government toward Muslims in early years of revolution relying on documents and works of Russian researchers. Actually, Bolsheviks succeeded by adopting tolerance policies in early years in the field of culture, education etc., caught Muslims’ attention and spread Communist ideology among them; however, they changed their attitude afterward that will be studied later in the paper.