حكمت متعاليه سينوي؛ گذار ابن سينا از مشاء به متعاليه

Sinian Transcendent Philosophy: Ibn Sīnā’s Move from Peripatetic Philosophy to Transcendent Philosophy

هر چند ابن‌سينا را فيلسوفي مشائي و «رئيس فلاسفه مشائي» در عالم اسلامي شناسانده اند ولي آيا چنين خوانشي از تفكر وي مقرون به صواب تام است؟ صحيح است كه آثار مفصل وي بر طريقه مشائي نگاشته شده است، ولي آيا نمي توان در همان آثار نشانه هايي از عبور و گذار شيخ از تفكر مشائي محض نمايان ساخت؟ ابن‌سينا نه فيلسوفي مشائي باقي مانده و نه بر سيره مشائين تا به آخر حيات خويش مشي نموده است. وي با بيان اصطلاح «حكمت متعاليه» و ارجاع طالبان درك حقايق براي فهم دقيق حقايق به آن، هويت خويش را ساماني تام بخشيد كه اين حكمت در تفكر صدرايي به اوج خود رسيد. نگارنده در پي تبيين ديدگاه «تعالي تفكر سينوي» است كه در آن به رديابي و ريشه‌يابي مباني حكمت متعاليه ملاصدرا در تفكر ابن سينا پرداخته مي شود و اين اصول را در آثار و عبارات شيخ نمايان مي سازد؛ هرچند مشغلة سياسي و عمر كوتاه شيخ، مجال برهم نهشتي نو از اين اصول را به وي نداد، ولي زمينه را براي تحقق چنين نظامي در تفكر پسينيان خود هموار ساخت.

Although Ibn Sīnā has been frequently introduced as a Peripatetic philosopher and the “Master of Peripatetic Philosophers” in the world of Islam, one might wonder if such a reading of his philosophy is absolutely correct. Undoubtedly, his major works have been written on the basis of the principles of Peripatetic philosophy. However, the question is whether one can find some indications of his departure from this school of philosophy in the same works. Ibn Sīnā neither remained a Peripatetic philosopher nor followed Peripatetic thoughts to the end of his life. Through coining the term “Transcendent Philosophy” for his own school and inviting the seekers of truths to follow it in order to have an accurate grasp of what they sought for, Ibn Sīnā added a completely new dimension to his identity. Finally, the Transcendent Philosophy reached its peak of development in Sadrian thoughts. Here, the author intends to explain the “transcendence of Sinian philosophy” and, at the same time, trace the roots of the principles of the Transcendent Philosophy in Sinian philosophy and highlight them in his works and words. Although the political occupations of Ibn Sīnā and his short life did not allow him to provide a new synthesis of such principles, he managed to pave the way for the creation of the Transcendent Philosophy by his successors.