كليدواژه :
ذكر , تاريخ زيارت , ذكر جَماعي , ذكر فردي , ذكر كثير , كاركرد ذكر , ادارة القرآن , قصص وعظ
چكيده فارسي :
از جملۀ رايج‌ترين رفتارهاي عبادي در ميان مسلمانان ذكر گفتن است؛ به ياد خدا بودن و ابراز اين مرور ذهني در قالب الفاظي آييني و از پيش تعيين شده. همان قدر كه ذكر گفتن از ديرباز در ميان مسلمانان رفتاري رايج بوده، بحث در بارۀ فضيلتِ شيوه‌هاي مختلف ذكر، اشكال بدعت آلود آن، و احيانا مرزبندي ميان ذكر و رفتارهاي عبادي ديگر نيز رواج داشته است. بدين سان، حجم گسترده‌اي از تأليفات دعايي عالمان مسلمان به بحث در بارۀ شيوه‌هاي مختلف ذكر اختصاص يافته، و خاصه روايات فراواني هم از بزرگان دين در اين باره نقل شده است؛ رواياتي كه بحث در بارۀ اصالت آنها، تمييز ميان اصيل و مجعولشان، و مشخص كردن زمينۀ تاريخي گسترش و رواج هر يك با مشكلات فراواني روبه‌روست. يك راه حل قابل تصور براي تاريخ‌گزاري اين قبيل روايات، مطالعۀ تاريخ تحول مفهوم ذكر در فرهنگ اسلامي است؛ كاري كه در اين مطالعه بناست بدان پردازيم. كوشش خواهيم كرد با مرور شواهد تاريخي و دسته‌بندي آنها تصويري واضح‌تر از تحولات اين مفهوم در گذر زمان بازنماييم.
چكيده لاتين :
Dhikr, remembering Allah with various prescribed words is, in different forms of it, a widely-practised ritual by Muslims. As prevalent as practising Dhikr has been among Muslims, there have always been discussions over the virtue of different forms of Dhikr, identifying the heterodox forms of Dhikr, and possibly determining (or establishing) the border between Dhikr and other Islamic customs. Therefore, Many Muslim scholars have dedicated their works to the genre, and a large number of traditions attributed to the prophet, his companions and Muslim saints are collected dealing with the ritual. Finding a way for dating Muslim traditions is in general a matter of dispute among both Muslim and modern scholars. When it comes to the study of Dhikr, one needs also to deal with the problem of authority and authenticity. It seems that a survey of the history of the Islamic "idea" of Dhikr is a practical method for dating Dhikr and other Islamic traditions involving Dhikr. This study has provided a survey of the history of the Islamic "idea" of Dhikr, as a seemingly practical method for dating Dhikr and other Islamic traditions involving Dhikr.
To perform some kind of the Islamic rituals of dhikr - i. e. to remember Allah and express such an intrinsic mental concern applying various prescribed sacred words - is a prevalent custom among Muslims. The widespread liturgical literature available among every Muslim sect describes profoundly the different forms of the ritual, the heterodox dhikr performance that must be denied and not observed, and finally, the differences between various forms of a dhikr ritual and other Islamic costumes. Therefore, many Muslim scholars dedicated their works to the genre, as well as many others collected a large number of traditions attributed to the prophet, his companions and Muslim saints dealing with the ritual
