تحليلي انتقادي از ديدگاه ذهبي پيرامون تفسير به رأي

The Critical Analysis Prepared by Zahabi about the Concept of Individual Interpretation

ذهبي در كتاب التفسير و المفسرون ضمن تائيد «تفسير به رأي» به عنوان يكي از روش هاي تفسير قرآن، آن را به ممدوح و مذموم تقسيم بندي كرده و پس از معرفي اين روش، مصاديق هر كدام را جداگانه ذكر مي‌كند و در اين ميان تفاسير با صبغه اشعري را ممدوح و مابقي را مذموم تلقي مي كند؛ بر همين اساس در بررسي تفاسير ديگر فرق از جمله شيعه نمودهاي عيني از تفسير به رأي مذموم را ذكر مي‌كند؛ از جمله: آيه تطهير، آيات ولايت و آياتي كه ناظر بر باورهاي كلامي تشيع است. پژوهش ذيل با رويكردي تحليلي در سه محور: اصل تقسيم بندي، مصاديق تفسير به رأي و نمودهاي عيني از تفسير به رأي مذموم، باور ذهبي را مورد كنكاش قرار داده است. نتيجه آنكه: اصل تسيمه «تفسير به رأي» و تقسيم بندي آن معارض با اصول ديني مي‌باشد. آيات، روايات، سيره معصومين(ع) و گفتمان انديشمندان اسلامي به طور مطلق هرگونه تفسير به رأي را ناروا و مذموم بيان داشته؛ و تلقي نمودن برخي از تفاسير در حيطه ممدوح و مذموم، دور از داوري علمي و ناشي از پيش داوري و عدم شناخت مباني ديگر تفاسير است.

Zahabi describes the concept of individual interpretation in two ways in the Book Altafsir va Almofaserun: The praiseworthy interpretation and the blameworthy one. He mentions these two kinds evidently and then introduces the various commentaries belonged to the Ashāri's ideology praiseworthily and the others blameworthily. Moreover, Zahabi pointing to the commentators of other religions such as Shiēt besides investigating their interpretations, accuses them to impose their own individual reproachable ideas on verses; for example, according to his evaluation of the Tathir Verse commentary in the Book Majmā Albay@n, he considers the Tabresi's comment being related to the innocence or chastity of Ahl-e-Beit a blameworthy interpretation and believes this interpreter has imposed his private idea on the so-called verse. Categorization, the identification of evidence plus the case study of Tathir Verse are the main processes used in the recent article to criticize that opinion. At first, it should be noted that categorizing the individual interpretation concept to praiseworthiness and blameworthiness not only is not correct but also is opposed to reliably rational reasons; in other words, referring to different commentaries as praiseworthy or blameworthy ones results from a prejudgment or the condition with no scientific judgment or even recognition about the other basics of reproachable interpretations. Second, being wrong the viewpoint of Zahabi and his accusation to the Shiēt commentators in this field are proved through analyzing the Tathir Verse carefully in accordance with the valid references in different religions