مباني انديشه سياسي امام ابوحنيفه در دفاع از قيامهاي علويان (زيد بن علي و ابراهيم بن عبدالله)

The principals of the political thought of Imam Abu Hanifa regarding his defense on Alavids’ uprisings

شرايط دشوار سياسي و اجتماعي علويان در طول دوره امويان و عباسيان، حمايت افراد سرشناس را نسبت به قيامهاي آنان دربر داشت. يكي از آن افراد، امام ابوحنيفه است. حيات سياسي او، آكنده از وقايع سياسي، از جمله انتقال قدرت از امويان به عباسيان و قيامهاي علويان بود. ابوحنيفه، به دليل انديشه­‌هاي اعتراضي و فساد حكومتهاي زمانه، هيچ­‌گاه مناصب حكومتي را قبول نكرد. اين مقاله با رويكرد توصيفي ـ تحليلي و با طرح اين سؤال كه تعلق ابوحنيفه به فرقه مرجئه جبريه و حرمت اهل­‌بيت(ع) در تعامل وي با قيامهاي علويان چه تأثيري داشته است، مباني انديشه سياسي و تعامل وي با قيامهاي علويان را مورد بررسي قرار مي­‌دهد و حاصل تحقيق حاكي از اين است كه حمايت او از قيامهاي علويان، نه به سبب داشتن مواضع شيعي؛ زيرا ابوحنيفه از قيامهاي غيرشيعي نيز حمايت كرده است، بلكه به واسطه علاقه به خاندان نبوت، پرورش در محيط شيعي كوفه و تعلق به فرقه مرجئه جبريه مي­‌باشد كه يكي از شاخه­‌هاي فرقه مرجئه و معاند نظام حكومتي آن زمان بوده است.

Difficult political and social circumstancesand social difficulties of Alavids during Umavids and Abbasids periods led to the support well-known figures regarding their uprisings. One of those is Imam Abu Hanifa. His life was overflooded with numerous political events including the transfer of power from Umavids to Abasids as well as Alavid’s uprisings. Abu Hanifa never concurred to accept any state-position due to his critical perspectives and the state’s corruption. This paper, through a descriptive-analytical approach, discovers the impact of Abu Hanifa tendency to Morjeya-Jabareya sect and to Prophet’s descendants on his interaction with Alavids’ uprising. It considers the principles of Abu Hanifa’s political veiw and his interaction with Alavid’s uprisings. The findings of this study illustrate a fact that Abu Hanifa’s support to Alavid’s is not merely due to his stance in favor of Shias. For, he supported of non-Shiite uprisings as well. Rather it was due to his sympathy to holy prophets’ descendants, and to Morjeya-Jabareya sect which is a branch of Morjeya sect apposing against the state system, and being growing in a Shiite atmosphere of Kufa.