كليدواژه :
مكان عمومي , كالبد , معناي مكان , حضور پذيري , سالمندان
چكيده فارسي :
توجه به پاســخگويي محيط هاي كالبدي براي گروه هاي اجتماعي بهره بردار در محيط هاي روزمره انســاني از دغدغه هاي اصلي طراحــان بوده اســت. علي رغم توجه معماران و برنامــه ريزان در طراحي فضاهاي عمومي مجتمع هاي مســكوني، روش و معيار شهودي ً مشخصي در فرايند طراحي بر اساس حضور پذيري گروه هاي بهره بردار ارائه نشده است و نبود آن منجر به تعاريف عمدتا توسط طراحان از حضور پذيري گروه هاي انساني در مكان گرديده است. بر اين اساس، مقاله برمبناي مدل معناي محيطي باهدف تبيين نقش مؤلفه هاي كالبدي-معنايي در حضور پذيري گروه اجتماعي ســالمندان به تحليل مؤلفه هاي تأثيرگذار مي پردازد. روش داده ها تحقيق مقاله كيفي و بر اســاس راهبرد تفســيري- تحليلي و با ابزار مشاهده و مصاحبه (بسته و باز) و با تحليل همبستگي اســت. نتايج نشــان مي دهد كيفيت هاي كالبدي و معنايي فضا در حضور پذيري گروه هاي سني ســالمندان مؤثر بوده و در ميان مؤلفه هاي مذكور آســايش محيطي، ايمني- امنيت فضايي از كيفيت هاي كالبدي و خوانايي از كيفيت هاي معنايي محيط بيشترين تأثير را دارا است.
چكيده لاتين :
The qualities of public spaces enhance their role in accommodating various social groups. Some of these spaces
attract the public, while some other are more suitable for the exclusive use of specific social groups. An ideal public
space is an area where citizenship rights are respected and is applicable to all age and social groups. These kind of
spaces in residential complexes should provide a circumstance where not only indirect but also direct interactions
can take place between various social groups. Importance of outdoor public spaces lies in providing a place for
social interaction, comfort, connection with nature, and leisure activities. Therefore, enhancing these places leads
to the presence of all age, gender and social groups and equipping these spaces with a variety of functions, building
an attractive and meaningful urban life and creating livelier environments results in enhancing the quality of life
for users of public spaces.
One of the key concerns of architectural designers has always been the attention that must be paid to the suitability
of physical spaces, given the human needs and behavioral patterns of all gender, age and social groups as well as
the flexibility for the presence and activity of these groups. Hence, despite various studies previously carried out on
public spaces and the elderly, this paper addresses the role of physical dimensions of public spaces in shaping the
individual and social needs of the elderly, emphasizing the role of the physical-semantic elements of public spaces
in relation to the needs and perceptual meaning of the elderly. This study aims to recognize the influence of physical
components that are shaping the meaning of place for the elderly; having in mind the roles that physical dimensions
can play in forming individual and social spaces in human environments.
The method of this research is qualitative and based on Interpretative-Analytical Strategy, along with observation
and interviewing tools (closed and open) and the correlation analysis of data.
The results show that the physical and semantic qualities of space have been effective in accommodating the older
age groups; and of the above-mentioned components, environmental comfort (The need to pay attention to the
environmental qualities in terms of material and the type of construction, and - to avoid environmental stress such
as noise and interference of riders and pedestrians) and safety/space security (Necessity of controlling the groups
in the space, attention to the social similarity of residents, active but indirect supervision through the design of
windows overlooking the open spaces and proper lighting at night and removing applications which absorb nonresidents)
have the greatest effect and climate has the least effect on accommodating the elderly in public spaces of
residential complexes.
Among the semantic components examined, the legibility component (Physical design considering the simple and
feasible recognition of access paths) has the most and familiarity component (repeated landscape and use of familiar
elements) has the least effect in shaping the meaning of place for the elderly. The results of this study should be used
a guideline for architects to design high quality human environment spaces.
