تحليل نقش حياط در ساختار فضايي خانه هاي ايراني با بهره گيري از روش نحو فضا (Space Syntax)

Analyzing the Role of Yards in Spatial Structure of Iranian Houses Using Space Syntax

استفاده از حياط الگوي بسيار كهني در ساخت و ساز مسكن بوده و به طور قابل ملاحظه‌اي در شهرهاي مختلف ايران مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است، فضاهاي سكونتي با بهره‌گيري از تدابير مختلفي در اطراف حياط‌ ها شكل گرفته‌اند نتيجه اين نگرش، به حياط جايگاه ويژه‌اي به آن داده است. در اين پژوهش ساختار فضايي چند نمونه خانه‌هاي ايراني بررسي، وجه اشتراك و مولفه هايي از خانه‌ها كه بيانگر بيشترين ويژگي حياط در فضاي معماري اين خانه‌ها است تبيين مي گردد. با توجه به موضوع پژوهش كه به صورت مطالعه خانه‌ها صورت گرفته است. داده‌هاي كسب شده با استفاده از روش تفسيري و تطبيقي مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار گرفته و جهت تحليل و بررسي ساختار فضايي نمونه‌هاي موردي پژوهش از روش اسپيس سينتكس"نحو فضا" و از نرم افزار‌هاي Depthmap و Pajek در اين راستا استفاده مي‌شود. نتايج حاصل از تحليل در قالب آيتم‌هايي براي معماري حياط در خانه معاصر بيان مي‌گردد.

Home is the first space which human kinds are affected by and are experience the sense of belonging during the day. Iranian traditional houses are big houses with yards inside and outside the houses. According to the division of overall structure of houses into inside and outside parts, the principle of hierarchy and spatial continuity from the entrance to the main part of the collection can be seen. Using a central courtyard had been a very old pattern in housing construction and residential spaces had been formed around the courtyard, by utilizing various methods. Yard as the main space in the past houses had formed the structure of the house by their geometric shapes. The result of this attitude had given a special place to the yard in the past; Something that today, because of the quantitative attitude to the issue of housing, the utilitarian approach to the land, the lack of attention to the space quality and meaning, and ignorance of the influence of the environment on the human psyche, is neglected and a little trace of it remains. In this study, with the aim of expressing the component with common indicators of the yard in the space structure of the Iranian house, and to answer this question that "What are common aspects of yard in the space structure of Iranian historic houses?", spatial structure of a few examples of Iranian house will be studied. Among historic houses of Yazd, Garden house and among historic houses of Kashan, Boroujerdi house, and also Behnam houses and Mashroote house among Tabriz houses are chosen. Then the common components and aspects of these houses, which represent the greatest features of the yard in architecture space of the houses are explained. By considering the study topic, which was conducted as a case study, achieved data and information were analyzed by using the interpreting and comparing method and to analyze the spatial structure of the study samples, the method of "space syntax" and Depthmap and Pajek software were used in this regard. Space syntax is a set of methods and theories that, in order to explain how the interaction of space configuration explains social organization and social behaviors, studies space configuration in architecture and urban scale. This method is explained by Bill Hillier and Julianne Hansen in Bartlett and during three decades with the development of theory on one hand, and the development methods and techniques of space analysis on the other hand, has been changed to the present form. To analyze the spatial structure case studies, internal and external relationships of the elements and their relationship together should be analyzed. Elements that were checked by this method and this software, include sight- sight graph from a point- potential of eyesight- the hierarchy of access and depth of space that will result in access graph. This analysis helps to connection of effective elements in space. The results of the analysis are expressed in the form of the items for yard architecture at contemporary houses