كليدواژه :
انسان , نيازهاي انساني , دلبستگي , خانه
چكيده فارسي :
در اين پژوهش، تأثير نيازهاي انساني بر ميزان دلبستگي مردم شهر تهران به سكونتگاهشان مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفت. براي نزديك ساختن كيفيت ساخت به نيازهاي واقعي مردم از خانه، سؤال‌هاي پژوهش شكل گرفت: اولويت نيازهاي اساسي كاربران در خانه كدام است؟ علت چيست؟ كدام عوامل در خانه نيازهاي اساسي را مرتفع مي‌سازد و براي ساكنين نسبت به سكونتگاهشان، ايجاد دلبستگي مي‌نمايد؟ آيا نيازهاي اساسي انسان در خانه از همان مراتب اولويت مدل مازلو تبعيت مي‌كند؟ فرضيه پژوهش بر‌‌اين اصل است كه نيازهاي اوليه انساني و به تعبيري نيازهاي جسماني و امنيت، بايد طبق مدل پيشنهادي مازلو از اولويت بالايي بين ساكنين برخوردار باشد، اما جابه‌جايي بين ديگر نيازها با توجه به‌وجود فرهنگ‌هاي متنوع در شهر تهران با مهاجرت‌پذيري بالا وجود دارد. در اين خصوص430 پاسخنامه از بيش از 1000 پرسشنامه توزيع شده قابل بررسي شناخته شد. شاخص‌هاي اين سنجش براساس نظريه هشاس1 استخراج و سؤالاتي براي سنجش ميزان تأمين نيازهاي انساني مدل مازلو براساس تحليل استيل2 در نظام‌هاي اجتماعي- كالبدي و مسائل طراحي، مطرح شد. هدف از طي اين فرآيند، سنجش ميزان رضايت‌مندي افراد از تأمين اين نيازها با ميزان دلبستگي به محل سكونت است. در پرسشنامه سؤالي مبني بر اولويت‌بندي گزاره‌هاي مرتبط با مسائل سكونتگاه در مرتبه‌هاي مختلف نياز انساني طرح شد. اين سؤال با 18 گزينه اولويت‌بندي مرتبه نيازها در نظام‌هاي اجتماعي- كالبدي و مسائل طراحي را مي‌آزمايد. گستردگي تحليل موارد مؤثر بر اولويت‌بندي نيازها منجربه بررسي تنها سه مرحله اول نياز انساني شد، نتايج اين پژوهش نشان داد، سه گزاره اول نيازهاي انساني در دلبستگي به محل سكونت بيشترين تأثير را دارد. اين نيازها شامل نيازهاي جسماني (سرپناه، دسترسي به خدمات)، امنيت و احساس‌تعلق مي‌باشد. اين پژوهش عوامل مؤثر بر رفع اين نيازها را به‌وسيله آزمون همبستگي پيش‌بيني كرده است. اما آن چيزي‌كه همچنان پاسخ مي‌طلبد، تأثير ديگر مراحل نيازهاي انساني بر خانه است.
چكيده لاتين :
Numerous parameters affect dwellers satisfaction in a residential space. Some that are rising from cultural roots, and are dealing with the basic human needs are in priority. Having a thorough knowledge and understanding of these factors in the residential housing industry can lead to a better comprehensive decision making on restrictive regulations, allocation of budgets, and construction priorities in more significant scale. In recent years, investors in Tehran’s housing market, have been merely inclined towards the financial rewards of their projects and consequently the emotional bond and the relation between people and their place of living has been widely neglected. This approach has led to several consequences such as blind copying of exterior facades, ignoring the needs of residents, and in bigger picture inconsistency between the architectural design and the neighborhood culture and needs.
The questionnaire used in this study is designed to thoroughly investigate the importance of each of the numerous parameters that fulfill the dwellers’ basic needs in a building. To reach this end, more realistic approach is taken and hence the residents are asked about the main favorable factors they acknowledge in the space they occupy in real life rather than what they think it needs to be achieved. It is apparent that a pleasant space is a subjective matter and can be interpreted differently by each participant. This research will be focused on finding these crucial parameters in the design which has a strong influence on the satisfaction of the dwellers. Another study will be required to investigate how these factors can be reflected in the architectural design process.
In the following research, the effects of human necessities versus human interests in his habitats for residents of Tehran, has been evaluated. In this respect, in order to bring the quality construction to the masse’s real necessities according to their life styles, the following questions were formed: What are the priorities of resident’s basic needs? What are the causes? What are the basic elements and factors meeting the needs and whether they can cause incantation? Whether the resident’s basic needs follow the same priority of Maslow’s basic human needs? Hypothesis of this research is that the physical requirements and sense of security from the basic human needs, according to Maslow’s pyramid model will benefit from the high priority among the residents. But there is also the possibility to replace the other needs in their levels due to different cultures inhabiting in the city like Tehran that includes high rates of urban migration. As well the other hierarchy of requirements for the residents is not necessarily according to this model. In this respect, 430 out of 1000 questionnaires have been assessed based on people’s ties to their habitats and marked for further investigations. Then, the hallmarks of this comparison, based on Hashas’s Theory have been selected. Meanwhile, some questions regarding to human needs, based on Maslow’s theory and Steele’s analysis of social-fundamental societies, have been designed. The goal was to evaluate people’s satisfaction of their attachments to their habitats. In the questionnaires, there was also a question related to people’s habitation priorities based on the Human Hierarchy of Needs. This question with 18 answer choices examined the hierarchy of needs in social- fundamental societies.
The extent and analysis of effective issues at prioritization of needs led to study the first three stages of human needs. The results of this study showed, that the first three propositions of human needs according to Maslow’s model has the most effect in the local attachment. These requirements include physical needs (shelter, access to services), security and sense of belonging. In this research, Effective ways to meet the needs was predicted by the correlation
In the physical sector, the shelter needs has been seen more important than the service needs and the most important factors in the field of shelter needs: No destruction and problem in any part of house, no noise, and calm and appropriate dimensions and number of rooms.
In the safety sector, anything that is related to the safety of the house is more important for dwellers than the safety of outside issues.
In the need of sense of belonging (place attachment or sense of place), neighbors are the most important factor. Anticipating places for neighbors to be in touch with each other and the likelihood of dwellers in a building is an important and significant cultural factor which needs to be noticed in urban design and programming and to be put in the priority of the house building policies. But what must be also noted here are the other effects of human needs on a house or residence.
