پديد آورندگان :
نبوى رضوى، هاله سادات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد قزوين - دانشكده معمارى و شهرسازى - گروه شهرسازى , طبيبيان، منوچهر دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد قزوين - دانشكده معمارى و شهرسازى , حبيبي، محسن دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد قزوين - دانشكده معمارى و شهرسازى
كليدواژه :
ساختارگرايي , ساختارشهر , آسيب پذيري , تاب آوري , پايائي
چكيده فارسي :
شهرها به عنوان پيچيده‌ترين ساخته دست بشر، با خطرات گسترده‌اي به دليل دامنه وسيعي از مخاطرات و به علت آسيب‌پذيري متعددشان مواجه هستند. هدف اين مقاله بازشناخت ويژگي‌هاي ساختار اصلي شهر و بيان رابطه آن با تاب‌آوري در برابر سوانح طبيعي (زلزله) است. ساختار كالبدي شهر در رخداد پديده‌ها و درجات تأثير آن مؤثر است. ازاين‌رو بررسي ساختار و ابعاد آن از ضروريات تحقيق است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع پژوهش، بنيادي نظري محسوب مي‌گردد و از روش توصيفي- تحليلي بهره برده مي‌شود. اين نوشتار بر آن است كه به شناخت ساختار شهر و ابعاد آن بر اساس نظرات انديشمندان اين حوزه بپردازد و سپس بر اساس تعاريف تاب‌آوري و انواع الگوهاي مفهومي آن، الگوي مناسب در ارتباط با ساخت شهر انتخاب را نموده و در نهايت به بيان رابطه بين ابعاد ساخت شهر و تاب‌آوري بپردازد.
چكيده لاتين :
Digital In contemporary cities, quantitative and qualitative problems have been increasing unprecedentedly. Cities as
the most complex man-made structure are facing with a wide variety of risks and numerous vulnerabilities. Disasters,
whether caused by humans or nature, impose significant threats to sustainability. Specifically natural disasters and
its impacts on the environment can lead to catastrophes that are often irreversible. Earthquake is one of the major
unpleasant natural tragedies which unfortunately produces a huge destruction in a very short period of time and as a
result so many suffering and devastation appears in the cities.
Resiliency as an emerging concept in urban development, is a new approach to design flexible cities to confront
shocks and vibrations that provides vulnerability reduction in cities against the stress and shocks. In fact, Resilience
has become an important goal for cities particularly in the face of earthquakes. This concept which was adapted from
ecological sciences, imagines cities like living organisms which in face of a variety of stresses, should be released or
otherwise it fails and the system breaks down.
Furthermore, Main urban structure of a city is an important factor in organized cities on the ground that recognition
of it will help urban planners and designers to plan networks, main elements and spaces for cities. Urban structure is
composed of sets of main axis and interconnected networks of land-use and various and different urban elements that
cause integrity in a city. This structure extends its components in whole of a city and it is a basis for cities spatialphysical
organization. It represents the cities general characteristics. Due to the fact that size of city, complexity
and multiple issues, urban planners and designers can concentrate on urban structure instead of focusing on all
of components in a city and it can helps them to find solutions more easily. This paper aims to re-examine the
characteristic of urban main structure and its relationship with resiliency against natural disasters like earthquakes.
Community actions in cities are always affected by urban form and structures. Physical structures of cities have
drastic effects on the occurring of phenomena and community reaction. It should be regarded as an important point
in the face of disasters like an earthquake. The main questions of the paper are: what is the urban structure and what
are its dimensions? Is there any relationship between urban structure and changing the level of resiliency against
earthquakes in cities? Therefore, urban structure and its dimensions should be surveyed. In the first step, this research
aims to explain urban structure and its important dimensions based on expert's opinions. In the second step, resiliency
definitions in different domains are investigated. Next, different type of resiliency conceptual patterns which are
engineering, multi-equilibria and ecological are explained, and the most appropriate one for cities are selected in
connection with urban structure. Finally, the relationship between the urban structure and the level of resiliency
