شناخت و تبيين الگوي زيبايي‌شناسي همگاني (طبيعت – محيط) بر اساس آراي جان ديويي و نسبت آن با زيبايي‌شناسي محيطي معاصر

Understanding and Describing the Universal Aesthetics Model (Nature-Environment) Based on John Dewey’s Theories and the Relationship with Contemporary Environmental Aesthetics

زيبايي شناسي محيطي معاصر از نيمه ي دوم قرن بيستم به ويژه از سه دهه آخر قرن در آمريكا ظهور و گسترش يافته است. اين تغييرات بي ارتباط با پارادايم هاي فلسفي و علمي زمانه ي خود نيست. امّا مفاهيم بنيادين و تغيير نگرش زيبايي شناسي معاصر در نيمه ي اول قرن بيستم توسط جان ديويي طرح ريزي و مطرح شده است. طبيعت-محيط يكي از مولفه هاي اصلي در زيبايي شناسي معاصر و همچنين پارادايم زيبايي جان ديويي است. پرسش بنيادين اينكه آيا با شناخت پارادايم زيبايي جان ديويي مي توان مدلي از زيبايي شناسي همگاني محيط-طبيعت تبيين و آن را در گرايش هاي معاصر زيبايي شناسي محيطي لحاظ كرد. هدف از اين تحقيق شناخت زيبايي شناسي معاصر طبيعت-محيط از ديدگاه زيبايي شناسي همگاني بر اساس آراي جان ديويي است. به همين دليل با روش تحليلي-استنباطي به شناخت پارادايم زيبايي جان ديويي پرداخته آنگاه مدل زيبايي شناسي همگاني پيشنهاد شد،سپس نسبت آن را با گرايش هاي زيبايي شناسي محيطي و رويكردهاي مرتبط بررسي گرديد.

Contemporary aesthetics emerged and developed in the United States of America in the second half of the twentieth century and in particular during its last three decades. The changes it underwent were not relevant to contemporary scientific paradigms and philosophy; yet its basic concepts and perspective alterations were introduced by John Dewey in the first half of the twentieth century. “Nature-Environment” is one of the main components of contemporary aesthetics and Dewey’s aesthetic paradigm. The fundamental question is to see whether a universal aesthetics model of nature-environment can be accounted for and incorporated in contemporary trends in environmental aesthetics through understanding of Dewey’s aesthetic paradigm. The aim of this study was to understand the contemporary aesthetics of nature- environment from the perspective of universal aesthetics and based on Dewey’s Theories. Accordingly, the characteristics of Dewey’s Aesthetic paradigm were first identified using the inferential-analytic method and a universal aesthetics model of nature-environment was then proposed based on Dewey’s aesthetic components and the review of existing models. Finally, its relationship with environmental aesthetic, the aesthetics of human environments and everyday life, and sustainable aesthetics was elaborated on.