پديد آورندگان :
آريانا، انديشه دانشگاه هنر اصفهان - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي , محمدي، محمود دانشگاه هنر اصفهان - دانشكده معماري و شهرسازي , كاظميان، غلامرضا دانشگاه علامه طباطبائي - دانشكده مديريت و حسابداري
كليدواژه :
حكمروايي همكارانه , مديريت تعارض , تعارض بين ذينفعان , ذينفعان , بازآفريني شهري
چكيده فارسي :
تعارض‌هاي بين ذينفعان بازآفريني شهري موجب ناسازگاري، اختلاف نظر، ناهماهنگي در درون يا بين ذينفعان است كه عدم مديريت آن، مانع بهره‌گيري از ظرفيت كامل مشاركت و درنتيجه موجب عدم تحقق بازآفريني شهري مي‌شود. از اين رو، شناخت تعارض‌هاي موجود بين ذينفعان و ارائه الگوي مديريت تعارض متناسب از اهميت بسزايي برخوردار است. شناخت مؤلفه‌هاي تأثيرگذار بر مديريت تعارض ذينفعان بازآفريني شهري مبتني بر رهيافت حكمروايي همكارانه، موجب تنظيم روابط متقابل ميان ذينفعان (دولت ملي، اجتماع محلي، بخش عمومي و خصوصي) مي‌شود و با بهره‌گيري از هم‌رأيي حاصل از اين رهيافت، اتحاد و قدرت اجرايي ذينفعان درگير، بيشتر و زمينه تحقق اهداف بازآفريني اجتماع محلي فراهم مي‌گردد. هدف اين مقاله، ارائه مدل مفهومي «مديريت تعارض ذينفعان بازآفريني شهري بر پايه حكمروايي همكارانه» است. به منظور دستيابي به اين مدل، مفاهيم پايه، شامل طراحي نهادي بازآفريني شهري، رهيافت‌هاي مديريت تعارض و حكمروايي همكارانه كه بر تعارض بين ذينفعان بازآفريني اجتماع محلي و روابط متقابل بين ذينفعان تأثيرگذار است، تبيين شده و عناصر و اجزاي مرتبط با هركدام و روابط حاصل از آن مشخص شده است. برپايه مدل پيشنهادي، پس از شناخت انواع تعارض بين ذينفعان اجتماع محلي، يعني تعارض‌هاي شناختي، منافع، هنجاري، رفتاري، متناسب با سبك‌هاي مختلف مديريت تعارض اعم از رقابت، همكاري، سازش، اجتناب، مصالحه، وضعيت هريك از انواع تعارض در روند مديريت مداخلۀ طرح بازآفريني شهريِ اجتماع محلي مشخص مي‌شود. متغيرهاي اعتماد، درك، مشروعيت و تعهد از اساسي‌ترين مؤلفه‌هاي تأثيرگذار در فرآيند همكارانه است كه در نهايت موجب ظرفيت‌سازي نهادي و اثربخشي فرآيند حكمروايي همكارانه در مديريت مؤثر تعارض بين ذينفعان بازآفريني در اجتماع محلي مي‌شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Stakeholders’ conflicts in urban regeneration leads to incompatibility, disagreement, and inconsistency within or between stakeholders. Lack of these conflicts management may not allow that the whole capacity of participation to be realized, and consequently fails to attain urban regeneration. Therefore, recognition of the existing conflicts among stakeholders and representing a proportional pattern for conflict management is of great importance. The institutional approach in urban regeneration management processes is concerned with the creation of "institutional capacities in local communities." In other words, through supporting and developing the community networks, and through creating a wider network of trust and support, the intended objectives including stakeholder conflict management in urban regeneration can be achieved. A "cooperative approach" is needed to build institutional capacity. Collaborative approaches in urban regeneration can assist the creation of the fields that can act as learning environments in which stakeholders learn new methods of communication. Governance is considered as the basis where institutions can play their roles and is known as a decision-making process through the collaboration of multiple stakeholders. This model of governance bring many stakeholders together in associations held in common with public organizations to participate in consensus-based decision-making. Identifying the influential components of stakeholders’ conflict management in urban regeneration, with collaborative governance approach, leads to organizing the mutual relations among the stakeholders (state, local community, public section, and private section), as well as providing the conditions to achieve the objectives of community regeneration. This study intended to present a conceptual model for "stakeholder conflict management in urban regeneration based on collaborative governance." In the recommended model, we clarified the main components, including the institutional design of urban regeneration, conflict management, and collaborative governance approaches that affect the conflict between community regeneration stakeholders and their interactions. Collaborative governance and collaborative planning process is the consequence of community innovation based on community conditions. However, it is possible to reveal a conceptual model, which includes the main stages of providing basic conditions of incorporating cooperative engagement in the process of urban regeneration. Clearly, each proposed conceptual model is localized considering its institutional necessities. Thus, the model presented for conflict management must be coordinated with the institutions in Iran and concerning a more precise application, be coordinated with the institutional context of communities. According to this model, after identifying various types of conflicts between community stakeholders, i.e. cognitive conflicts, conflict of objectives or interests, normative conflicts, and conflicts of relationships, which are proportionate with various conflict management styles, i.e. obliging, integrating, dominating, avoiding, compromising, we determine the status of each type of conflicts in the process of interventional management in the local community urban regeneration design. Such a variables as trust, understanding, legitimacy, and shared commitment are the most substantial components effective in the collaborative process, which eventually lead to institutional capacity building and changes in the system that help to make our institutions more effective and adaptive.
