بررسي تأثير فشارهاي رواني بر سلامت روان دانشجويان پزشكي دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، واحد پزشكي تهران

Study of the Effect of Mental Stress on Mental Health of Medical Students of Iran Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch

ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ: ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺴﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ. ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎ: ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ـ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﻩ 1388، 320 ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 190 ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻥ ﻭ 130 ﺍﺳﺘﺎﮊﺭ، ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ GHQ-28 ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮﺩﻧﺪ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ: ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ GHQ-28، 43/3 ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠـﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﻦ، ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺄﻫﻞ، ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ، ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺴﮑـﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻓـﺮﺍﺩ ﻫﻤﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔـﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺟﻨﺲ، ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻓـﺮﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴـﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ، ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ، ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ، ﻣﺸـﮑﻼﺕ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ، ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﻣـﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻐﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻓﻌـﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﺤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠـﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠـﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﻤـﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸـﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ 6 ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻧﮑﺮﺩ. ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴـﺮﻱ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎﹰ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺴﺮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ، ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﺯ دانشجويان داشته باشد

Introduction & Objective: There are high levels of depression and anxiety among medical students in comparison with the general population. We designed this study to determine the effect of some stresses on the mental health of medical students. Materials & Methods: An analytic descriptive study was performed on 320 medical students, 190 interns and 130 stagers in Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch during February 2010. Students filled an anonymous questionnaire that included demographic and stressors items and a 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results: Using GHQ-28 questionnaire, we found that the prevalence of psychological distress between medical students was 43.3%. There was a significant relationship between age, marital status, level of education, residence, the number of home mates with mental health. But gender, having children, and educational status doesn’t have any significant relationship with mental health. Although problem in communication, economical and educational problems, interest in medicine, medical future opportunities and recreational activities are the most important stressors that have a drastic effect on medical student’s mental health. But there was no significant relationship between having a major stress in the last 6 months and the mental health. Conclusions: As the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in medical students is about twice the general population, so it seems that the reduction of the mentioned stressors that increase anxiety and depression in medical students, could have an impressive effect on medical student’s mental health.