عقلانيت و مدرنيت در نگاه محمد علي فروغي به سياست خارجي ايران

Rationality and Modernity in the View of Mohammad Ali Foroughi on Iran's Foreign Policy

هدف مقاله حاضربررسي جايگاه عقلانيت و مدرنيت در نگاه محمدعلي فروغي "ذكاءالملك" به سياست خارجي ايران است. فروغي به يمن آشنايي عميق با انديشه هاي فلسفي وسياسي جديد غرب كه تا زمان وي در بين نخبگان سياسي ايران بي سابقه بود درك عميقي از سياست در دوران جديد داشت؛ همچنين وي به يمن شركت در كنفرانسهاي بين المللي و حضور موثر در جامعه ملل تلاش نمود؛ تا با اقدام سياسي و قلم خود منافع ايران را در عرصه جهاني تامين كند و بيش از هر زمان، ايران را در مجامع بين المللي مطرح و داراي اعتبار و شهرت نمايد. وي با بينشي واقع گرايانه و متمركز نمودن توان خود بر اصلاحات از بالا و ترجمه، تاليف متون كلاسيك فرهنگ غربي، سخنراني و شركت در كنفرانسهاي بين المللي و حضور موثر در جامعه ملل؛ دغدغه تامين منافع ملي ايران را داشت. سوال اصلي پژوهش اين است كه مولفه اصلي وويژگي بارز رويكرد فروغي به سياست خارجي چه بوده است؟ فرضيه مقاله حاضر اين مي باشد كه در بين نخبگان سياسي ايران، فروغي درك بهتري از مفهوم قدرت و بازيگر سوم درسياست خارجي ايران داشته و تلاش وي اين بوده؛ كه هم از حصار مفهوم موازنه مثبت كه رويه نخبگان سياسي چون قوام مي باشد، خارج و هم از حصار رويكرد موازنه منفي نخبگاني چون مرحوم مصدق و مدرس بگريزد و ايستاري متفاوت درسياست خارجي ايران ايجاد كند؛ كه اگر چه بر اساس مفهوم بازيگر سوم بوده ولي مبتني برعقلانيت و قدرت مي باشد. يافته هاي پژوهش حاكي ازآن هست كه نگاه فروغي به نظام بين الملل وسياست خارجي نگاه معقول تر وعلمي تري بوده است.

The purpose of this article is to consider the position of rationality and modernity in the eyes of Mohammad Ali Foroughi, "Zak'a alMolk", in foreign policy of Iran. Foroughi was deep acquaintance with the new Western philosophical ideas of the West, which until his time was unprecedented among the political elites of Iran, had a profound understanding of politics in the new era; he also tried to participate in international conferences and effective participation in the community of nations. To bring Iran's interests in the global arena through its political and personal actions and, more than ever, make Iran credible and reputable in international affairs. He was interested in Iran's national interests with a realistic insight, focusing his efforts on reforming from above, translating, classifying western classical texts, lecturing and participating in international conferences and effective participation in the community of nations. The present research seeks to explore the reflection of Foroughi's works and ideas on intellectual development and the rationalization of national interests and foreign policy. The main question of the research is that the approach of Foroughi to foreign policy based on what approach? The hypothesis of this paper is that among the political elites of Iran, Foroughi has a better understanding of the concept and importance of power or the third actor in foreign policy of Iran, and his efforts have been somewhat of a kind that was removed from the fence of the concept of positive balance, which was followed by the political elites like Qavam. From the fence of the negative balance approach that Elite approach such as the deceased Mosaddeq and the teacher of the teacher would be removed and a different institution in Iran's foreign policy that although based on the concept of the third actor, but also based on reasonableness and self-esteem was also. Findings of the research suggest that the internationalization of the foreign system can, in the current context, also bind Iran's foreign policy constraints.